Pactolus, 56. Pache, 308. Paderewski, 88. Paganism, 97, 214-232, 331, 388-390. Palestine, conquered by Saracens, 160; invaded by Crusaders, 166. Pannonia, 215. Papacy, first steps to apostasy, 102, 184, 185; growth of its power, 103-107, 108, 110, 111, 184, 236-243, 352, n.; Pope styled Universal Bishop, 110, 184; blasphemous titles of, 242, 243, 264, 337; its war against the saints, See _Christians, persecutions of;_ at its height, 111, also n., 184, 236, 305, 326, 236-243; temporal power of, 184, 236, 305, 326, 336, 352, n.; removal of Papal chair to Avignon, 305, 306; spiritual supremacy lost at the Reformation, 191, 249-251; revolt of the temporal princes, 255, 355; end of its temporal power, 255, 327, 328; decree of Papal infallibility, 243, 346. Papal States, See _Papacy, temporal power of._ Patmos, 36. Patriarch, office of, 109, 110. Patriciate, 350, 351, also n. Paul of Antioch, 188, 189. Paulus, 344. Pavia, battle of, 191. Pepin, Carlovingian king, 236, 305, 326, 350. Pergamus, fate of, 64, 68. Persecutions, See _Christians, persecutions of._ Persia, conquered by Saracens, 160. Petrus Lombardus, 96. Peucer, 292. Philadelphia, remarkable preservation of, 61-64, 68. Philip Augustus, 111. Philosophists, 297-303. Phocas, Roman emp. 184. Phocis, 137. Pius IV., Pope, 327. Platina, 345. Pliny, 222, 226. Poland, 169. Polycarp, 46. Pontifex Maxima, 222, 239. Poor Men of Lyons, 198. Popes, power of, See _Papacy_. Portugal overrun by Saracens, 160. Prague, 244. Proles, Andrew, quoted, 246. Protestantism, rise of, 191, 252, 254; its false miracles, 259-261; its persecutions, See _Christians, persecutions of._ Proetextatus, 188. Puritans, 293. R Ravenna, 148, 351, 352, n.; exarchate of, 351, n. Reformation, the, 249-252; predictions of by medieval Christians, 243-249. Regal power, 214, also n. Reign of Terror in France, 306-315. Revival of Learning, 249. Rheims, 140. Roberts, Bishop, quoted, 364. Robespierre, 307, 309, 313. Rodgers, Hester Ann, 368. Romagna, 327. Roman Empire, forms of, See _Heads, seven_, and _Horns, ten_; Christianity the State religion under Constantine, 116, 231; division of under Valens and Valentinian, 440; overrun by barbarians, 25, 125, 136-141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148; fall of Western division (A.D. 476), 133, 148, 236, 440; fall of Eastern division (A.D. 1453), 167, 169, 172, 440, 441. Rome, 109, 138, 139, 143. Rosetta stone, 18, n. Rosseau, 300. Rubenstein, 88. Rutter, quoted, 186. S