State of Naples and Sicily under Ferdinand II.--The birds and the King.--The conspiracy.--The September rising and its results.--Christmas in Naples.--The 12th of January in Palermo.--The insurrection spreads to Naples.--The first Constitution of 1848.--The effect in Rome--in Tuscany--in Genoa.--The editors of Turin.--"Voleva e non voleva."--The government of Milan.--The Milanese view of their rulers.--Count Gabrio Casati--Ficquelmont.--The "Panem et Circenses" policy.--Giambattista Nazari--His speech in the Congregation.--Its effect.--Rainieri and Spaur on Nazari.--The grievances of different parts of Lombardy.--Condition of Venetia.--Charles Bonaparte in Venice.--Daniele Manin.--Niccolo Tommaseo.--Manin's programme.--Moncenigo's treachery.--Manin's imprisonment.--The tobacco massacres at Milan.--Their effect.--Metternich's programme of Italian reform.--"Viva il sangue Palermitano!"--The "Administrators" in Hungary.--The programme of Kossuth and Deak.--The Constitutional victories in Hungary.--State of Vienna.--The division of classes.--The ruling trio.--Effect of Ferdinand's accession in Vienna.--The "Lese-Verein."--Hye-Andrian.--Kuranda and Schuselka.--The German movement in Vienna considered morally.--The Archduke John's toast.--The relations between rich and poor.--The anti-Jesuit feeling.--The illegal soup-kitchen.--The "Professional" opposition.--Die Sibyllinische Bücher.--"The Austrian has no fatherland."--The censorship.--Metternich's policy in Switzerland--in Lombardy.