In so far as right-handedness is a result of organic structure, and not a mere acquired habit, some trace of it should be found in the lower animals, though in a less degree. Dr. Buchanan, in discussing his _Mechanical Theory_, notes that, “while the viscera of the quadruped have the same general lateralised position as in man, there is a reason why this should be carried to a greater extent in man than in the quadruped, owing to the much greater lateral development of the chest and abdomen of the human figure, in order to adapt it to the erect posture, as contrasted with the great lateral flattening of the trunk in quadrupeds. The equipoise is therefore more disturbed in man than in the quadruped.” In the case of the monkey, its necessities as a climber no doubt tend to bring all its limbs into constant use; but, possibly, careful study of the habits and gestures of monkeys may disclose, along with their ambidextrous skill, some traces of a preference for the limbs on the one side. The elephant has been repeatedly affirmed to betray a strongly marked right-sidedness; and this is reiterated in a communication by Mr. James Shaw to the Anthropological section of the British Association, where he notes the “curious fact that elephants have been frequently known to use the right tusk more than the left in digging up roots, and in doing other things.” But the statement is vague, and, even if confirmed by adequate proof, can scarcely be regarded as the equivalent of right-handedness. In dogs it may be noticed that they rarely move in the direct line of their own body, but incline to one side or the other, the right hind-foot stepping into the print of the left fore-foot, or _vice versâ_. In the horse, as in other quadrupeds, a regular alternation in the pace is manifest, except when modified by education for the requirements of man. I experienced no difficulty in teaching a favourite dog to give the right paw; and no child could more strongly manifest a sense of shame than he did when reproved for the gaucherie of offering the wrong one. The saddle horse is trained to prefer the right foot to lead with in the canter; while the same animal is educated differently when destined for a lady’s use; but I have been informed by two experienced veterinary surgeons that, while some horses learn with very slight training to start with the right foot, others require long and persevering insistency before they acquire the habit. A curious relation between man and the lower animals in the manifestation of the organic influences here noted is indicated by a writer in the _Cornhill Magazine_, when, referring to the well-ascertained fact that aphasia is ordinarily accompanied with disease of the right side of the brain, he says: “Right-sidedness extends to the lower races. Birds, and especially parrots, show right-sidedness. Dr. W. Ogle has found that few parrots perch on the left leg. Now parrots have that part at least of the faculty of speech