International law; Natural law; War (International law)
Christ himself, the spring, from whence all the power of the church was
derived, and whose life is the model for the church to follow, said,
his kingdom was not of this world, that is, was not of the same nature,
with other kingdoms, otherwise, like the rest of sovereigns, he would
have maintained his authority by the power of the sword. For if he had
pleased to call up the aid of Legions; he would have called up hosts of
Angels and not of men. And every exercise of his right was performed
by the influence of divine, and not of human power; even when he drove
the sellers out of the temple. For the ROD was the EMBLEM and not the
INSTRUMENT of divine wrath, as UNCTION was once a SIGN of healing, and
not the HEALING POWER ITSELF. St. Augustin on the xviii Chapter of
St. John, and 36 ver. invites Sovereign Princes into this kingdom, in
these terms, "Hear, O Jews, and Gentiles, hear, O earthly Sovereigns, I
will not obstruct your authority, for my kingdom is not of this world.
Be not alarmed, like Herod, who trembled, when he heard that Christ
was born, and slew so many innocent children, hoping to include the
Saviour in that calamity. His fear shewed itself in cruel wrath. But
my kingdom, says Christ, is not of this world. Therefore enter this
kingdom without fear. Come with faith, and provoke not the king to
anger by your delay."
XV. There is a caution too necessary to be given, against drawing
too close a parallel between ancient and modern times. For it is but
seldom that any one can adduce a case exactly conformable to his
own circumstances. To draw such pretexts from the interpretation of
prophecy is the highest presumption. For no prophecy that is yet to
be fulfilled can be unfolded without the aid of a prophetic spirit.
The times even of events, that are certain, may escape our notice.
Nor is it every prediction, unless it be accompanied with an express
command from God, that can justify recourse to arms: sometimes indeed
God brings his predicted designs to their issue by the means of wicked
instruments.
XVI. As the imperfect obligations of charity, and other virtues of the
same kind are not cognizable in a court of justice, so neither can the
performance of them be compelled by force of arms. For it is not the
moral nature of a duty that can enforce its fulfillment, but there must
be some legal right in one of the parties to exact the obligation. For
the moral obligation receives an additional weight from such a right.
This obligation therefore must be united to the former to give a war
the character of a just war. Thus a person who has conferred a favour,
has not, strictly speaking, a RIGHT to demand a return, for that would
be converting an act of kindness into a contract.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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