The Rise and Fall of Anarchy in America: From its Incipient Stage to the First Bomb Thrown in ChicagoMcLean, George N.
History
The Rise and Fall of Anarchy in America: From its Incipient Stage to the First Bomb Thrown in Chicago
McLean, George N.
Anarchists -- United States; Haymarket Square Riot, Chicago, Ill., 1886
"Nobody understands why the police came down to break up the meeting.
Detectives have sworn here that after Mr. Parsons suggested that the
meeting adjourn to Zephf's hall, and the sky clouded up, the crowd
dwindled down to two hundred or three hundred men, and then came this
army of 180 policemen, armed with clubs and revolvers, headed by this
hero, Bonfield, the savior of his country, to break up this meeting
of peaceable and unarmed citizens. Was this courageous, or was it
cowardly? It was an assault in the eyes of the law. The counsel for
the State have attempted to make you believe that these disciples of
Herr Most took a match and lighted a bomb which Most says should have
a fuse not longer than two inches. Doesn't it seem very probable that
they would have lighted with a match this fuse, which would burn out in
a few seconds, when they could have carried a lighted cigar to do it
with? We have the testimony of a number of witnesses that Spies was not
out of the wagon till the trouble began; and if Mr. Grinnell had had
more sense in the prosecution of this case; if he had not been blinded
by malice and prejudice; if he had not been influenced by the police
conspiracy to send these men to the gallows, he would have seen the
uselessness of attempting to secure a conviction by such testimony as
that of Gilmer."
MR. INGHAM FOR THE PROSECUTION.
Mr. George Ingham addressed the jury for the prosecution. He told
them that there are verdicts which make history, and that theirs will
be a history-making verdict. On the night of May 4, at 10 o'clock,
Matthias J. Degan marched out of the Desplaines street station, full
of life, and was soon afterward struck down by the hands of these
defendants, not one of whom he had ever injured. The speaker told the
jury again what "reasonable doubt" means. He said that the grand jury
might have indicted 300 men instead of eight, but they saw fit to pick
out the eight whom they deemed the leaders of the conspiracy against
law and human life. There had been a good deal of talk, he said, about
the constitutional right of free speech. The Constitution gave the
people the right to meet and petition, but not to advise other people
to commit murder. This right was based upon the old English common
law, and in England was also found a definition of what constitutes
incitement to murder. The case he was going to quote had also had
another connection with the present one. It was brought in London
in 1881 against Johann Most, who was then publishing his sheet, the
_Freiheit_, in that city. It was shortly after the assassination of
the Czar of Russia. He there advocated the assassination of all the
heads of States, from Constantinople to Washington, and was convicted
of inciting to murder. Mr. Ingham read the proceedings in the English
court, the article upon which he was tried, and Lord Coleridge's
decision. Then he said: "It is shown that these defendants--Spies,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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