federalism, and that one never all laws. Twelve members of the shall vote for any person whose Legislative Assembly appointed by opinions upon these subjects are this body discuss the laws. The not entirely above suspicion. Legislative Assembly then accepts The Executive Council is the law or vetoes it. No further appointed by the Representative discussion allowed in the Assembly, but the members of the Legislative Assembly. Council may not be members of the The country is divided into Executive. The first chamber eight departments. The provincial proposes three candidates. The frontiers of the old republic are second chamber elects the member reëstablished. Drenthe comes to from among those three. Each year Overysel and Brabant becomes the one new member of the Council is new, the eighth, department. to be elected. After his Local government remains as resignation he is not reëligible before, but each city is allowed until five years later. greater liberty in civic affairs, The Executive Council appoints provided the city does not try to eight agents to act as heads of change the original idea of a different departments (as democratic, representative ministers more or less). These government. The cities in this agents are responsible and way regain a great deal of their subordinate to the Council. old autonomy. The old interstate The Representative Assembly tariff scheme of the former meets the whole year round. republic is not allowed. But New laws are proposed in and otherwise the cities regain most discussed by the first chamber. of their former power. Then they are submitted to the second chamber, which has the right of approval or veto, but not the right of discussion. The Executive Council must see to the execution of these laws. The country is divided into eight departments with new names: The department of the Eems, of the Old Ysel, of the Rhine, of the Amstel, of Texel, of the Delf, of the Dommel, and of the Scheldt and Maas. Their former boundaries are given up and arbitrary boundaries are made. Each department is divided into seven circles and the circles are divided into communes. Each department has a local governmental body somewhat resembling the old Provential Estates. Each circle is represented in this by one member. These seven members are elected by the voters. The officials of the commune are elected in the same way. These local, departmental, and civic bodies are responsible to the Executive Council. CONSTITUTION OF 1805 CONSTITUTION OF 1806