The worship of Mary the Mother of Jesus became very pronounced after the fourth century. Tertullian put Eve and Mary alongside of Adam and Jesus. She was called the Blessed Virgin and the Mother of God. The festival of the Annunciation held in the fifth century soon led to the festival of the Purification of Mary, or the Candlemas of Mary. About the end of the sixth century developed the feast of the Ascension of Mary, to be followed the next century by the celebration of the birthday of Mary. High above all the saints and martyrs was the rapturous adoration of the "Queen of Heaven." After Gregory the Great the Virgin played a constantly increasing part in the Church of the West. Churches were erected in her honour everywhere and every church had at least a chapel consecrated to Our Lady. Hell, heaven, and purgatory were very real indeed to the mediæval mind. Their location, form, and inhabitants were known exactly through mediæval credulity. Devils and angels were in constant communication in one way or another with the inhabitants of earth. All these forces and influences formed the mediæval mind and produced the mediæval civilisation. SOURCES A.--PRIMARY: 1.--The Church Fathers. See Chap. X. 2.--The Acts of Church Councils. See Chap. IX. 3.--The Early Church Historians. See Chap. XIII. 4.--Gee, H., and Hardy, W. J., _Documents Illustrative of English Church History_. Lond., 1896. I., 59. 5.--Henderson, E. F., _Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages_. N. Y., 1892. 6.--Ogg, _Source Book_. 7.--Robinson, J. H., _Readings_, i. 8.--Thatcher and McNeal, _Source Book_. 9.--Univ. of Penn., _Translations and Reprints_. Bibliographical Note:--The original sources for this phase of the history of the Church are nearly all in Latin: 1.--Migne, _Patrologia_. 2.--Mansi, _Sacrorum Conciliorum Collectio_. 3.--Pertz, et al., _Monumenta Germaniæ Historica_. 4.--Muratori, L. A., _Rerum Italicarum Scriptores_. Med., 1723-51. 28 vols. 5.--Jaffé, _Bibliotheca rerum Germanicarum_. 6.--Watterich, _Pontificum Romanorum_. 7.--Duchesne, _Le Liber Pontificalis_. 8.--Bouquet, M., _Rerum Gallicarum et Francicarum Scriptores_. Paris, 1868 _ff._ 23 vols. 9.--_Rerum Historica Britannica_. Lond., 1858 _ff._ 10.--Jaffé, _Regesta Pontificum Romanorum_. 11.--Potthast, A., _Regesta Pontificum Romanorum_ (1198-1304). 12.--Pflugh-Harttung, J. v., _Acta Pontificum Romanorum Inedita_. Tub., 1881. Stutg., 1884-8. 13.--Mirbt, _Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttum_. B.--SECONDARY: I.--SPECIAL: 1.--Andrews, W., _Curiosities of the Church_. Lond., 1891. 2.--Balmes, J., _European Civilisation: Protestantism and Catholicism Compared in their Effects on the Civilisation of Europe_. Lond., 1849.