The rise, progress, and phases of human slavery: How it came into the world and how it shall be made to go outO'Brien, James Bronterre
History
The rise, progress, and phases of human slavery: How it came into the world and how it shall be made to go out
O'Brien, James Bronterre
Labor; Labor movement; Slavery; Social problems; Working class
We remember, some years ago, when an address was presented to this
same Sir Robert Peel by some 6,000 or 7,000 of the merchants,
bankers, shipowners, &c., of the City of London, to console him for
his temporary expulsion from office by the Whigs,--we remember how
the _Times_ (which was then _ratting_ from the Whigs) boasted, by
way of demonstrating the respectability of the addressers, that the
list contained the names of 1,500 citizens whose aggregate wealth
would suffice to redeem the National Debt, and still leave enough to
support the owners in opulence. We remember having seen it stated,
about the same period, in a City article of the said _Times_, that so
prosperous was trade that ironmasters in Staffordshire and Wales were
known to have realised £200,000 in one year. We remember hearing, on
the best authority, of the house of Baring & Co. clearing £650,000 by
the speculations of a single year. We know a banker died, a few years
since, in Liverpool whose estate was computed at from £5,000,000 to
£7,000,000. Peel’s father is said to have died worth £3,000,000; and
old Arkwright worth twice that much. Soames, the late shipowner, was
worth several millions. Rentals varying from £20,000 to upwards of
£200,000 a year are numerous in England. The Duke of Westminster’s
property will, it is said, be now worth half-a-million per annum of
income. London, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and other towns abound
in millionaires worth from a _plum_ to twenty, thirty, and even fifty
_plums_. A year’s rental of some of our dukes would pay the wages of
some 20,000 Irish labourers for a whole twelvemonth, at sixpence per
day each, which is more than thousands of them can earn by a hard
day’s work. A single bargain on the Stock Exchange will realise, for
a Rothschild, a Baring, a Gurney, or a Goldsmid, more than 30,000
needlewomen in London could possibly earn in two years at present
wages. Were a few of our great landowners and millionaire capitalists
so inclined, they might, by clubbing together, keep an army of 100,000
fighting men about them, whose maintenance, at their present wages,
would actually not be missed out of their enormous revenues. At £15 per
man, the annual cost would be only a million and a half, which, divided
amongst Sir Robert Peel’s 1,500 city addressers, would weigh less
heavily upon them than a penny a week subscription upon a poor Chartist
weaver.
And while this monstrous hell-begotten opulence stares us in the face
wherever we go, what find we to be the condition of the men to whom we
owe the very bread we eat, and without whom England would be a howling
wilderness, namely, the agricultural labourers? We find them, in order
to escape death from starvation, driven to the very brink of rebellion,
as may be collected from paragraphs like the following, which may be
seen in almost every agricultural journal we may chance to take up. We
quote from a Wiltshire paper:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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