“From the slaves themselves and from other parties I have learned that, with few exceptions, they are kindly treated, are not overworked, and have abundance of food, clothing, and efficient medical attention. We saw them lodged in small cabins, sometimes rudely built, and in other places very neatly built, but always _partaking of the character of the planter’s or overlooker’s house_ near to which they stand. A slave, his wife and family, occupy a cabin exclusively, unless the family be small, when two or more families live together. The planters find it to be their interest to use their negroes well. They always permit and, indeed, urge the slave to do overwork by planting a small plot of land, set apart for his use, with corn, tobacco, or other produce. This they do after the day’s work is over, and also on Sundays, when the law does not allow the master to require them to work; and wherefore we saw them clean and well dressed, lying upon the banks of the rivers, as we passed by. When the produce is gathered, it is sold by the planters, and the proceeds given to the slaves. Some slaves prefer to cut wood, which is sold to the steamboats; and all supply themselves with vegetables from their own garden. Many industrious slaves can thus obtain from fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars per year for themselves, which they expend in the purchase of tea, coffee, sugar, whisky, and other luxuries of the table, and in clothing fit for any European gentleman. In large cities, as New Orleans, they hire themselves from their masters at an agreed-upon sum, and work for others, as they prefer, and thus earn from twenty to twenty-five dollars per month for themselves. _Very many slaves own horses, kept for their own use; and others own lands_; and Captain Knight, of the ‘New World,’ stated that he knew a slave _who owned four drays and teams and seven slaves_. Indeed, when they are good servants, they are much valued, and obtain every enjoyment they desire.” This extract is, we think, pretty decisive of our position; yet there is another, just following, which is so strongly corroborative of what we have advanced in respect of the contentment with their condition which we have ascribed to the ancient slaves, that we cannot forego the temptation to quote it. “Free-born Britons!” “independent labourers!” mark this passage:-- “They” (the slaves) “do not usually care to save money wherewith to purchase their freedom, _feeling that the protection of their masters is an advantage to them_; but there are those, as the stewardess on board the boat on which we descended the Mississippi, who have paid from 1,000 to 1,500 dollars for their freedom!” CHAPTER VIII. EXPLOITATION-VALUE OF SLAVE AND FREE LABOUR. Contrast of Plantation-Servants with British Workpeople--Affluence of former American Slaves--Misery of Free Labourers and Artisans--Value of Irish Peasants and English Workers--Free and Slave Children in America.