From the Old High Germ. _hlutar_, Mod. Germ. _lauter_, pure, Förstemann derives the following rivers of Germany. Hence also the name of Lauterbrunnen (_brunnen_, fountain), in Switzerland. _Germany._ HLUTR(AHA), 7th cent. The LAUTER, the LUDER, the LUTTER. The SOMMERLAUTER in Wirtemberg seems to merit the title of pureness only in summer. The following names I think can hardly be referred to the same origin as the above, though according to Lhuyd, who derives them from Welsh _gloew_, clear, and _dwr_, water, they would have the same meaning. _England._ The LOWTHER. Westmoreland. _Scotland._ The LAUDER. Berwickshire. _France._ The LAUTER. In the Gael. and Ir. _ban_, white, we may probably find the meaning of the following. _Ireland._ The BANN. Three rivers. _Scotland._ The BANN(OCK) by Bannockburn. _Bohemia._ The BAN(ITZ). Of the two following names the former may be referred to the Welsh _claer_, and the latter to the Swed. _klar_, both same as Eng. _clear_. _Ireland._ The CLARE. Connaught. _Sweden._ The KLARA (_â_, river). From the Welsh _têr_, pure, clear, we may get the following. The root is found in Sansc. _tar_, to penetrate, whence _taras_, transparent. 1. _Italy._ The TARO. Joins the Po. _Siberia._ The TARA. Joins the Tobol. 2. _With the ending en._ _England._ The TEARNE. Shropshire. The DEARNE. Yorkshire. _France._ The TARN. Joins the Garonne. 3. _With the ending es._ _Hungary._ The TARISA. The following two rivers of Germany may, as suggested by Förstemann, be referred to Old High Germ. _flât_, pure, bright. 1. _Germany._ FLAD(AHA), 8th cent. Not identified. 2. _With the ending enz._ _Germany._ FLADINZ, 11th cent., now the FLADNITZ. The root _bil_ I have, in river-names generally, referred at p. 84 to the Celtic _biol_, water. But in the Slavonic districts we may also think of the Slav. _biala_, white, though we cannot say but that even there the Celtic word may intermix. _Germany._ The BILA in Bohemia. The BIALA in Silesia. _Russia._ The BIELAYA. Joins the Kama. The BIALY. Joins the Narew. From the Old High Germ. _swarz_, Mod. Germ. _schwarz_, black, are the names of several rivers of Germany, as the SCHWARZA, the SCHWARZAU, the SCHWARZBACH, &c. Also in Norway we have two rivers called SVART ELV, and in Sweden the SVART AN, which falls into the Mälar Lake. From the Old Norse _doeckr_, dark, may be the DOKKA in Norway, but for the DOCKER of Lancashire the Gael. _doich_, swift, may be more suitable.