The Rivers of Great Britain, Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial: Rivers of the East CoastVarious
History
The Rivers of Great Britain, Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial: Rivers of the East Coast
Various
Great Britain -- Description and travel; Rivers -- Great Britain
Here, indeed, the great bulwark against northern barbarism approached
the Tyne on either of its banks. The river is now crossed by a bridge
which was built in 1775, but there still exist substantial remains of
that by which the Roman legions crossed over to the great stations of
Procolitia and Cilurnum. Procolitia was one of a trio of important
stations near to this portion of the North Tyne, and is some three
or four miles away. Not many years ago no less than 16,000 coins,
besides some rings, and twenty Roman altars, were discovered on this
site. The coins ranged from the days of the Triumvirate to those of
Gratian. The altars were all dedicated to Coventina. Who Coventina may
have been, the antiquaries inquire in vain. Of her neither Greek, nor
Roman, nor Celtic mythology has kept record. What is clear is that she
must have been worshipped by the first cohort of Batavians, which kept
guard here when these altars were made. At Cilurnum, now known as the
Chesters, nearer by three miles to the bank of the Tyne and the ancient
Roman bridge, altars were raised to more various deities. A cohort
of Asturians was in garrison here. With the exception of Newcastle,
probably, and Birdoswald certainly, this was the most important station
on the Roman wall, and is at this time far the most wonderfully
preserved. One may stand in the grounds of Mr. John Clayton, at the
Chesters, and, with slight exercise of the fancy, reconstruct a Roman
city in Britain, so materially is the imagination assisted by what
recent excavations have disclosed. Agricola is believed to have built
Cilurnum in 81 A.D. It existed as a camp before the wall was built,
and covered a space of six acres of ground. Coal was found on one of
the hearths when the place was first unearthed, a curious proof of the
long period during which that mineral has been in use in the district
through which this river flows. Among the statuary discovered was a
well-preserved figure which is believed to represent the river-god of
North Tyne:--
"The local deity, with oozy hair
And mineral crown, beside his jagged urn
Recumbent."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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