OCKLEY and Stane Street, 153-69; Battle of, 76 _Odds and Evens_, method of in planning long stretches of straight road, 141-5; sketch plans, 141-3 ORFORD, decay of, 176 OUSE, Sussex, crossing of at Lewes, 97, 130 PARIS, effect of bridge on development of, 29; road planning of under Napoleon III., 58-9; St. Lazare Station, 68; Roman road from to Cologne, 140; Island of, bridges of, 21 PARK LANE, site of trackway, 121 PARLIAMENT, 61, 106 PARNELL (Lord Congleton) and the Holyhead road, 187-8 PASSES, Alpine, roads due to military necessity, 75; mountain, gradients of, 43-6; of the Alps, 43; Pass of Sallent, 44-5; from Valley of Moselle to Belfort, 44-6 PEDDARS WAY, 161; problem of its building, 173-4; disuse during Dark Ages, 175; its terminal point on the Wash, 175-6 PENKRIDGE, Roman road to Chester from, 72, 148; local system developed from, 161; disappearance of, 173 PENNINES, the, 105, 122; trackways of, 125-6 PETERBOROUGH to York, Telford’s suggested reform of road from, 191 PETWORTH and Stane Street, 167 PHILADELPHIA, 31 PILGRIM’S WAY, the, 19, 131 PINSK MARSHES, the, 15, 76-7 PIRATES, raids of on England during Dark Ages, 162-3 PIXHAM, near Dorking, 130 PLYMOUTH SOUND, 97 POLISH and Russian civilisations, differences due to marsh, 15 POOLE, 129 POPULATION, effect of increasing density on road system, 106 PORTS, preservation of unsuitable by roads, 73; instanced in Boulogne, 73-4 PORTSMOUTH, 99 PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR and Stane Street, 165 POST OFFICE and appointment of Telford, 186 “POTENTIAL,” definition of term, 107-8; as applied to development of road system, 108-9; change of instanced in Fosse Way, 126-7; example of in Channel ports, 163-4 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES and bridge building, 22-3 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES, powers of with regard to road construction, 60-61 PULBOROUGH, 17, 139; and Stane Street, 166-9 _Pulse_, the, of a modern city, 68-9 PYRENEES, the Pass of Sallent in, 44; Roman roads in, 138 RAILROAD, effect of gradients on construction of, 40-2; and forest regions, 50; and growth of London, 67-8; effect of on development of road system, 192-3 READING, double crossing of streams at, 32 REFORMATION, THE, in England, economic effects of, 82-3 RHEIMS, disuse of Roman road to Chalons from, 157 RHINE, RIVER, 75 RICHBOROUGH and the crossing of the Wansum, 98 RIVER CROSSINGS, effect of on course of roads, example, 7-10; general effect in England, 93-9; on the Thames, 121; and British trackways, 129-30; fate of Roman roads at during the Dark Ages, 150-53; instanced by Arun at Romans Wood, 153; new crossings made, 153-4; during Middle Ages, 154; significance of particle “street” or “stone” in place-names at, 154; instanced by Stamford (Northants), 154-5