Staat_, 30-9; Schmidt, J., _Die Einsetzung der röm. Volkstribunen_, in _Hermes_, xxi (1886). 460-6; Meyer, E., _Der Ursprung des Tribunats und die Gemeinde der vier Tribus_, in _Hermes_, xxi (1895). 1-24, controverted by Vassis, in _Athena_, ix (1897). 470 ff.; Pais, _Ancient Italy_, chs. xx, xxi; Garofalo, F. P., _L’origine e l’elezione dei tribuni e degli edili della plebe con un indice alfabetico dei loro nomi_; Podestà, G., _Il tribunato della plebe in Roma dalla secessione sul monte sacro all’approvazione della legge di Publilio Volerone_; Eigenbrodt, A., _De magistratuum Romanorum iure intercedendi_; Ackermann, H., _Ueber die raümlichen Schranken der tribunizischen Gewalt_; Tophoff, _De lege Valeria Horatia, Publilia, Hortensia_; Hennes, _Das dritte valerisch-horatische Gesetz und dessen Wiederholungen_; Long, G., _On the Passage in Appian’s Civil Wars_ (i. 8) _which relates to the Licinian Law_, in _Classical Museum_, iii (1846). 78 ff.; Kubitschek, _Aedilis_, in Pauly-Wissowa, _Real-Encycl._ i. 448-64; Humbert, G., _Aedilis_, in Daremberg et Saglio, _Dict._ i. 95-100; Bloch, L., _Die ständischen und sozialen Kämpfe in der römischen Republik_; Willoughby, W. W., _Political Theories of the Ancient World_, ch. xvi; Strachan-Davidson, T. L., _Decrees of the Roman Plebs_, in _Eng. Hist. Rev._ v (1890). 462-74; Dreyfus, R., _Les lois agraires sous la république Romaine_, pt. I. chs. i-iii; De Sanctis, G., _Storia dei Romani_, I. chs. xiii, xiv, xvii; Billeter, G., _Gesch. d. Zinsfusses_, 115 ff. CHAPTER XIII THE COMITIA TRIBUTA AND THE RISE OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY FROM 449 TO 287 For a time after the Valerian-Horatian legislation the senate and magistrates, as was intimated at the close of the preceding chapter, maintained their authority but slightly impaired against the rising popular power. It is true that in 427 the centuries acquired the right to declare a war of aggression.[1695] Defensive wars in behalf either of Rome or of an ally were regularly decided upon by the senate;[1696] and the question whether the war was necessary for the safety of the state admitted of a broad interpretation.[1697] From the beginning of the period to the year 321 treaties of peace and of alliance were still made either by a magistrate, with the authorization of the senate,[1698] or more commonly by the senate itself, even though the alliance or offer of protection was such as to render war with other states inevitable;[1699] and at the close of a conquest the senate disposed of the acquired territory and population.[1700] Through its authority alone, till 332, the censor bestowed the perfect or the limited citizenship.[1701]