The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the RepublicBotsford, George Willis
History
The Roman assemblies from their origin to the end of the Republic
Botsford, George Willis
Constitutional law -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
III. _Legislative_
The legislative function of the tribal assembly under tribunician
presidency after the decemvirate (451-450)[1774] is represented as
bringing forthwith into being the Icilian and Duillian plebiscites of
449. That of Icilius granted amnesty to those who had seceded from the
decemvirs.[1775] The first plebiscite of Duillius provided for the
election of consuls cum provocatione.[1776] Both acts are alleged to have
been passed, however, before the resolutions of the plebs had acquired
the force of law. The second Duillian plebiscite, which followed the
enactment of the Valerian-Horatian statute, and which was therefore
valid for all the citizens, threatened with scourging and death any
one who left the plebs without tribunes or who caused the election
of a magistrate without appeal.[1777] Its first provision was merely
the expression of a principle on which the plebeians, had from the
beginning insisted as essential to the continuance of the office from
year to year;[1778] the second clause precluded the recurrence of an
elective magistracy like the decemvirate just past.[1779] According to
Diodorus[1780] an agreement was made in this year between the patricians
and plebeians by which one consul at least should be a plebeian. Although
Diodorus generally drew from sources more ancient than those of Livy, he
is wrong in assigning this provision to so early a date.[1781]
For the same year is recorded another Icilian plebiscite, which granted
the privilege of a triumph to the consuls after the senate had refused
it.[1782] The alleged act is suspicious, in the first place, because the
two consuls must have had the support of a majority in the senate, as the
acceptance of their great constitutional statute proves. Then, too, a
resolution of the people for granting the triumph could not avail in this
period without the consent of the senate. The last observation applies as
well to the alleged refusal of the senate to ratify an act of the people
in 356 for granting a triumph to the first plebeian dictator.[1783] Such
a resolution merely assured the triumphator that the people would be
present at the festival. Without the consent of the senate, they could
not appropriate the necessary funds for the occasion;[1784] but the
general always had a right to triumph, in earlier time within the city
and later on the Alban Mount, at his own expense.[1785] If the senate
decreed the triumph, as remained the rule,[1786] ratification by the
people was unnecessary, though it sometimes occurred.[1787]
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