If we look at her in this light, there is really no difficulty in
understanding why what seems to us at first sight a very vague
conception, ‘the goddess who brings,’ should not have meant something
very real and concrete to the early Italian mind. And again, if that be
so, if Fortuna be once recognized as a great power in ways which touched
these essential and practical needs of human nature, we may feel less
astonishment at finding her represented either as the daughter or the
mother of Jupiter. Such representation could indeed hardly have been the
work of really primitive Italians; it arose, one may conjecture, if not
from some confusion which we cannot now unravel, from the fame of the
oracle—one of the very few in Italy—and the consequent fame of the
goddess whose name came to be attached to that oracle. Or, as Jordan
seems to think, it may have been the vicinity of the rock-oracle to the
temple of Jupiter which gave rise to the connexion between the two in
popular belief; a belief which was expressed in terms of relationship,
perhaps under Greek influence, but certainly in a manner for the most
part absent from the unmythological Italian religion. Why indeed in the
same place she should be mother as well as daughter of Jupiter (if
Cicero be accurate in his account, which is perhaps not quite certain)
may well puzzle us all. Those who cannot do without an explanation may
accept that of Prof. Max Müller, if they can also accept his etymology.
Those who have acquired what Mommsen has called the ‘difficillima ars
nesciendi,’ will be content with Jordan’s cautious remark, ‘Non desunt
vestigia divinum numen Italis notum fuisse deis deabusve omnibus et hoc
ipso in quo vivimus mundo antiquius[690].’
But Fortuna has not only been conjectured to be a deity of the dawn; she
has been made out to be both a moon-goddess and a sun-goddess. For her
origin in the moon there is really nothing of any weight to be urged;
the advocate of this view is one of the least judicious of German
specialists, and his arguments need not detain us[691]. But for her
connexion with the sun there is something more to be said.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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