Robertson Smith (_Religion of the Semites_, 42 foll.) seems to trace the idea back to an actual physical fatherhood. Mr. Farnell, on the other hand (_Cults of the Greek States_, i. 49), believes that in the case of Zeus it expresses ‘rather a moral or spiritual idea than any real theological belief concerning physical or human origins.’ In Italy, I think, the suffix pater indicates a special connexion with a particular stock, and one rather of guardianship than of actual fatherhood. See above on Neptunalia. Footnote 955: See Jordan’s note on Preller, i. 56. Footnote 956: See my paper in _Classical Review_, vol. ix. 474 foll. Footnote 957: Wissowa, _de Feriis_, p. 6, in the true spirit of Italian worship, concludes that it was ‘non per iustum matrimonium, sed ex officiorum affinitate.’ Footnote 958: Bücheler, _Umbrica_; Bréal, _Les Tables Eugubines_. Footnote 959: _Tab._ 1 B. (Bücheler, p. 2, takes it as a temple or sacellum of _Juno_). Footnote 960: Grabovius is an epithet of Mars; Sancius of Fisius; Jovius or Juvius of more than one deity. Footnote 961: Farnell, op. cit. i. 50 and notes. Footnote 962: Mommsen, _Unteritalische Dialekten_, 341; _Lex._ 637. The Jupiter _Cacunus_ of _C. I. L._ 6. 371 and 9. 4876 also points to _high places_, and there are other examples. Footnote 963: _Aen._ 9. 567. Footnote 964: Wordsworth, _Fragments and Specimens_, p. 564. Footnote 965: _Sat._ 1. 15. 14. Footnote 966: Deecke, _Etruskische Forschungen_, iv. 79 foll. Footnote 967: _Lex._ s. v. Iuppiter, p. 634. Footnote 968: Servius _Ecl._ 10. 27; _Dict. of Antiquities_ (ed. 2), s. v. Triumphus. Footnote 969: Farnell, i. 184 foll. See also Dion. Hal. 1. 21. 2; Deecke, _Die Falisker_, p. 88; _Lex._ s. v. Juno, 591; Roscher, _Juno und Hera_, 76. Footnote 970: _Lex._ 643. Footnote 971: H. Jordan, _Symbolae ad historiam religionum Italicarum alterae_. Königsberg, 1885. Footnote 972: ‘Orceria·Numeri·nationu·cratia·Fortuna·Diovo·filei·primocenia·donom dedi’ (_C. I. L._ xiv. 2863). There are later inscriptions in which she appears as ‘Iovis (or Iovi) puero,’ in the sense of female child (_C. I. L._ xiv. 2862, 2868). The subject is discussed by Mommsen in _Hermes_ for 1884, p. 455, and by Jordan op. cit. See also _Lex._ s. v. Fortuna, 1542 foll., and s. v. Iuppiter, 648. Footnote 973: _Symbolae_, i. p. 8, and cp. 12. For the apparent parallel in the myth of the birth of Mars see on March 1. Footnote 974: _Hermes_, 1884, p. 455 foll. Footnote 975: Gellius, _N. A._ 5. 12; Ovid, _Fasti_, 3. 429 foll.; and see above on May 21. For Hercules, Jordan l. c. and his note on Preller, ii. 298. For Caeculus, Wissowa, in _Lex._ s. v. Footnote 976: _C. I. L._ xiv. 2862 and 2868. Footnote 977: