He does, however, produce an example which has one or two features in
common with the Roman rite, only in this case the animal is a goat
instead of a horse. In Dauphiné a goat is decked with ribbons and
flowers and let loose in the harvest-field. The reapers run after it,
and finally the farmer cuts off its head[1072], while his wife holds it.
Parts of its body (we are not told whether the head is among them) are
kept as ‘medicine’ till the next harvest. So too the head, and also the
tail and the blood, of the October horse were the seat of some great
Power; but whether this was a vegetation-spirit does not seem
satisfactorily shown.
3. _The chariot-race was an elaborated and perhaps Graecized form or
survival of the simple race of men and women so often met with in the
harvest-field, often in pursuit of a representative of the Corn-spirit._
Mannhardt gives examples from France and Germany of races in pursuit of
cock, calf, kid, sheep, or whatever shape may be the one in vogue for
the Corn-spirit; often the animal is in some way decorated for the
occasion. Two of a rather different kind may be mentioned here, though
they occur, not on the harvest-field, but at Whitsuntide and Easter
respectively; but they show how horse-races may originate in the customs
of the farm. In the Hartz the farm-horses, gaily decorated, are raced by
the labourers for possession of a wreath, which is hung on the neck of
the winning horse. In Silesia the finest near horse of the team,
decorated by the girls, is ridden (raced?) round the boundary of the
farm, and then round a neighbouring village, while Easter hymns are
sung. We have already noticed the racing of horses and mules at the
Consualia in August: according to Dionysius, these too were decked out
with flowers[1073]. Mannhardt makes also a somewhat lengthy digression
to point out the possibility that in the original form of the Passover
(on which was afterwards engrafted the Jahvistic worship and the history
of the escape from Egypt) a race or something of the kind may be
indicated by the custom of eating the victim with the loins girt.
There is undoubtedly a possible origin for the horse-racing of Greeks
and Romans in the customs of the farm at different seasons of the year,
and I accept Mannhardt’s view so far, with a probability, not certainty,
as to the Corn-spirit. We may perhaps be able to trace the development
of the custom a little further in this case.
4. _The horse’s head, fixed on the Regia or the turris Mamilia, is the
effigy of the Corn-spirit, which is to bring fertility and to keep off
evil influences for the year to come._[1074]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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