Rustic calendars: ‘Sementes triticariae et hordiar[iae].’ Varro, _R. R._ 1. 34. Footnote 1098: Mommsen in _C. I. L._ i. 2, 333. Footnote 1099: Friedländer in _Marq._ 499; Liv. 23. 30. Footnote 1100: See the table in _C. I. L._ i. 2, 335. Footnote 1101: Probably these notes belong to the Ides. In the Arval calendar the entry is opposite the 14th, but from its position may be really meant as an additional note to the Ides. There is no other example of religious rites on a day _after_ Ides. (Henzen, _Arv._ 240; _C. I. L._ i. 2, 296.) The same was the case with all ‘dies postriduani.’ Footnote 1102: See under Cerialia and Floralia. Footnote 1103: Liv. 1. 30. Roman merchants were seized by the Sabines in this market (Dion. Hal. 3. 32). Footnote 1104: Steuding in _Lex._ s. v. Feronia; Liv. 26 11. I cannot see any reason to connect her with November _sowing_, as Steuding does, p. 1480. Footnote 1105: Serv. _Aen._ 8. 564. Footnote 1106: Liv. 22. 1. Footnote 1107: The cutting of the hair, and putting on of the pileus. See Robertson Smith, _Religion of Semites_, p. 307. Footnote 1108: Serv. _Aen._ l. c. The myth must be Graeco-Etruscan. Footnote 1109: Liv. 29. 36. The dedication was 194 B.C. (Liv. 34. 53). MENSIS DECEMBER In the middle of winter, until well on in January, the Roman husbandman had comparatively little to do. Varro[1110] writes of sowing lilies, crocuses, &c., and of cleaning out ditches and pruning vines, and such light operations of the farm. Columella[1111] tells us that the autumn sowing should be ended by the beginning of December, though some sow beans in this month; and in this he agrees with the rustic calendars which mention, besides this operation, only the manuring of vineyards and the gathering of olives. It is not unnatural, then, that we should find in this ‘slack time’[1112] several festivals which are at once antique and obscure, and almost all of which seem to carry us back to husbandry and the primitive ideas of a country life. On the night of the 3rd or thereabouts was the women’s sacrifice to the Bona Dea; on the 5th the rustic Faunalia in some parts of Italy, though probably not in Rome; on the 15th the winter Consualia; on the 17th the Saturnalia; and on the 19th the Opalia; and so on to the Compitalia and Paganalia. All this is in curious contrast with the absence of festivals in the busy month of November. Women’s Sacrifice to the Bona Dea.