See, however, Schwegler, _R. G._ i. 223 foll. Footnote 1181: Varro, _L. L._ 5. 42; Dion. Hal. i. 34 (cp. 6. 1); Fest. 322; Solinus, 1. 13; Servius, _Aen._ 2. 115; Middleton, _Rome in 1885_, p. 166. Footnote 1182: R. Peter, s. v. Dis in _Lex._ 1181; Macr. 1. 11. 48. Footnote 1183: Lucan, 3. 153; Middleton, op. cit. 167. Footnote 1184: Preller, ii. 13; i. 182. Footnote 1185: The temple was traditionally dated B.C. 497 (Livy, 2. 21); cp. Aust, _de Aedibus sacris_, p. 4: so too the festival, though both had an older origin (Ambrosch. _Stud._ 149). The latter was reorganized in Greek fashion in obedience to a Sibylline oracle in B.C. 217 (Livy, 22. 1). Footnote 1186: Plut. _Q. R._ 34 notes the cult of such gods when all fruits have been gathered. Footnote 1187: Macr. 1. 8. 3 and 1. 16. 30 (also, but probably in error, attributed to Jupiter). Plut. _Q. R._ 42, and _Poplic._ 12, states it distinctly; but there is no indication of the source from which he drew. Footnote 1188: Cp. the legendary connexion of both with ship-building and the coining of money; though it is of course possible that this was simply suggested by the Janus-head and the ship of early Roman coins. Footnote 1189: Seneca, _Ep._ 18. 1. Martial is full of Saturnalian allusions; e. g. 12. 62. Footnote 1190: Popularized, of course, by the poets: Virg. _Georg._ ii. 538; Tibull. i. 3. 35; &c. Footnote 1191: Was this one of the reasons why Christmas was fixed at the winter solstice? Cp. John Chrysostom, tom. iii. 497e: quoted by Usener, op. cit. p. 217. Footnote 1192: Varro, _R. R._ 1. 35. 2 ‘Dum in xv diebus ante et post brumam ut pleraque ne facias.’ Columella, 2. 8. 2, seems to follow Varro. Virg. _Georg._ 1. 211 extends the time ‘usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem’ (cp. Serv. ad loc.). Footnote 1193: _Sat._ i. 10. 19 and 22, and Dion. Hal. 3. 32; Plut. _Q. R._ 34. Footnote 1194: See Marquardt’s excellent summary in _Staatsverwaltung_, iii. 357, and Preller, ii. 15 foll. Footnote 1195: Dion. Hal. 6. 1. Fasti Amit. Dec. 17. We do not know who was the sacrificing priest; perhaps the Rex Sacrorum, or a magistrate. Footnote 1196: Macrob. 1. 10. 18. Footnote 1197: Martial, 14. 1; at least this seems to be the inference from ‘Synthesibus dum gaudet eques dominusque senator.’ Cp 6. 24. Footnote 1198: Livy, 22. 1. 19 ‘lectisternium imperatum et convivium publicum.’ Footnote 1199: Tertull. _Apol._ 42. Footnote 1200: _Odes_, 3. 17. Cp. Martial, 14. 70. The pig-offering indicates an earth-deity: Henzen, _Acta Fratr. Arv._ p. 22; Marq. 173. Footnote 1201: Martial, bk. 14, is the _locus classicus_ for all this. Footnote 1202: Brand, _Pop. Ant._ 183. Footnote 1203: Macr. i. 10. 24; 11. 49. In the latter passage he says ‘quae homines pro se atque suis piaculum pro Dite Saturno facerent.’ Footnote 1204: Brand, 180. Footnote 1205: