We owe this explanation of Janus chiefly to Roscher’s article, and Roscher himself owed it to the fact that his study of Janus for the article was a second and not a first attempt. In _Hermes der Windgott_ (Leipzig, 1878) he had arrived at a very different and a far less rational conclusion. The influence of Mannhardt and the folk-lorists set him on the right track. Footnote 1256: Nigidius Figulus in Macrob. i. 9. 8. Footnote 1257: See Roscher, _Lex._ 44. Footnote 1258: Macrob. 1. 9. 9; Lydus, _de Mensibus_, 4. 6 (who quotes Lutatius). Footnote 1259: Schwegler, _R. G._ i. 218 foll.; Preller, 1. 168 foll. The etymology is weak; the god and goddess have nothing common in cult or myth; it is not certain that Diana was originally the moon; and the great Italian deities are not coupled together in this way. Footnote 1260: ii. 125 foll. Cf. Müller’s _Etrusker_ (ed. Deecke), ii. 58 foll. Müller, with his usual good sense, concluded from the evidence that the Latin Janus was a god of gates; but he thought that an Etruscan deity of the vault or arch of heaven had been amalgamated with him. This is not impossible, if there was really such an Etruscan god; and Deecke finds him in Ani, who in Etruscan theology seems to have had his seat in the northern part of the heaven (Mart. Capell. 1. 45) where Janus was also represented in the templum of Piacenza (_Lex._ s. v. Janus, p. 28). But this must remain a doubtful point, even though Lydus (4. 2) tells us that Varro said that the god παρὰ θούσκοις οὐρανὸν λέγεσθαι. Footnote 1261: Nissen, _Templum_, p. 228. Footnote 1262: Macrob. 1. 9. 16. Footnote 1263: p. 93 foll.; Caes. _B. G._ 6. 18. Footnote 1264: M. Mowat thought that this was Janus naturalized in Gaul; but with Prof. Rhys (p. 81 note) I cannot but think this unlikely. Footnote 1265: See _Corpus Poeticum Boreale_, ii. 465. Footnote 1266: Roscher, in _Lex._ 18; Rhys, 1. c. 88. Footnote 1267: Roscher, _Lex._ 17; Jordan, _Topogr._ 1. 2. 351. Footnote 1268: Cic. _De Nat. Deorum_, 2. 27. 67 ‘Transitiones perviae iani, foresque in liminibus profanarum aedium ianuae nominantur.’ Cp. Macrob. 1. 9. 7. Footnote 1269: On the whole question see Jordan, _Topogr_. 1. 2. 215 foll. Ovid (_Fasti_, 1.257) asks the god ‘Cum tot sint iani, cur stas sacratus in uno?‘ Footnote 1270: From Falerii came another janus, with a four-headed simulacrum, which was set up in the Forum transitorium (Macr. 1. 9. 13; Jordan, _Top_. 1. 2. 348). Footnote 1271: Preller made an attempt, which Roscher approves, to identify Portunus with Janus, Portunus being, according to Varro, ‘Deus portuum portarumque praeses’ (Interpr. Veron. _Aen._ v. 241). But see on Aug. 17. Footnote 1272: