Paulus, 85 ‘Quaecumque purgamenti causa in quibusque sacrificiis adhibentur, februa appellantur. Id vero quod purgatur, dicitur _februatum_.’ The verb februare also occurs. Varro (_L. L._ 6. 13) says that _februum_ was the Sabine equivalent for _purgamentum_: ‘Nam et Lupercalia februatio, ut in Antiquitatum libris demonstravi’ (cp. 6. 34). Ovid renders the word by ‘piamen’ (_Fasti_, 2. 19). Februus, a divinity, is mentioned in Macr. 1. 13. 3; he is almost certainly a later invention (see _Lex. Myth._ s. v.). The etymology of the word is uncertain. Footnote 1332: Varro, _R. R._ 1. 29. Cp. Colum. xi. 2; and the rustic calendars. Footnote 1333: Varro, _R. R._ 1. 28. See above, p. 295. Footnote 1334: This is very distinctly stated by Cicero (_de Legibus_, 1. 14. 40 ‘In deos impietatum nulla expiatio est’: cp. 2. 9. 22 ‘Sacrum commissum quod neque expiari poterit, impie commissum est’). Even the sailor in Horace’s ode (1. 28), whose duty does not seem exactly binding, is told, if he omits it, ‘teque piacula nulla resolvent.’ On the general question, cp. De Marchi, _La Religione nella vita domestica_, 246; and Marq. 257. The pontifex Scaevola ‘asseverabat prudentem expiari non posse’ (Macrob. 1. 16. 10). Ovid’s account (_Fasti_, 2. 35 foll.) is that of a layman and a modern, but not less interesting for that reason. Footnote 1335: Varro, _L. L._ 6. 30 ‘Praetor qui tum (i.e. die nefasto) fatus est, si imprudens fecit, piaculari hostia facta piatur; si prudens dixit, Q. Mucius ambigebat eum expiari ut impium non posse.’ Footnote 1336: _Fasti_, 2. 33. Footnote 1337: Ib. 31. Footnote 1338: See Marq. 259; Bouché-Leclercq, _Les Pontifes_, 101 foll. Footnote 1339: Marq. 180, Bouché-Leclercq, 178. Footnote 1340: See Robertson Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, p. 406. Footnote 1341: _Fasti_, 2. 19 foll. Footnote 1342: This difficult line has occasioned much conjecture, and seems still inexplicable. See Merkel, _Fasti_, clxvi foll.; and De-Marchi, op. cit. p. 246. Footnote 1343: Aust, _De Aedibus sacris_, pp. 21, 45, 48. On this last page are some useful remarks on the danger of drawing conclusions as to the indigenous or foreign origin of deities from the position of their temples inside or outside the pomoerium. Footnote 1344: _Fasti_, 2. 55 foll. Footnote 1345: Livy, 33. 42; 34. 53. Jordan, in _Commentationes in hon. Momms._ 359 foll.; Aust, op. cit. p. 20. Footnote 1346: See _Dict. of Antiq._ s.v. sacra. Fest. 245 a ‘Publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt: quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis.’ Footnote 1347: Ovid, _Fasti_, 2. 527. See under Quirinalia. Footnote 1348: