The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd editionSellar, W. Y. (William Young)
History
The Roman Poets of the Republic, 2nd edition
Sellar, W. Y. (William Young)
Latin poetry -- History and criticism
The next play in order of composition was the 'Hecyra,' first produced
in 165, but withdrawn owing to the bad reception which it met. The
'Hautontimorumenos' appeared in 163, and the 'Eunuchus' and 'Phormio'
in 161 B.C.; the second and third representations of the 'Hecyra'
and the production of the 'Adelphi' took place in 160. The last was
represented at the funeral games of L. Aemilius Paulus. It was in this
year that Terence sailed for Greece; and he died in the following year
when only twenty-five years of age. Two of his plays, 'Phormio' and
'Hecyra,' were translated from Apollodorus, the rest from Menander.
His art is so purely imitative, that for any knowledge of his
circumstances and character we have to trust entirely to his
'prologues,' in which he speaks in his own person. We note in them
his apologetic tone, in marked contrast to the confident hold which
Plautus has over his audiences. This tone is to be explained partly,
perhaps, by the consciousness of his servile origin and his position
as an alien; partly by a sense that his art was not congenial to his
audiences. He shows great sensitiveness to criticism, and shields
himself from the want of popular applause by the sense of the favour
and protection of the great[270]. His attitude to his 'noble friends'
is not unlike that of Horace to the higher class of his day; but he
seems to want the Italian self-confidence and independence of the son
of the Venusian freedman. In the prologue to the 'Adelphi' he refers
with pride to the charge made against him that he was assisted by his
friends in the composition of his plays--
Nam quod isti dicunt malivoli, hominis nobilis
Eum adiutare adsidueque una scribere:
Quod illi maledictum vemens esse existumant.
Eam laudem his ducit maxumam, quom illis placet,
Qui vobis univorsis et populo placent,
Quorum opera in bello, in otio, in negotio
Suo quisque tempore usus't sine superbia.[271]
Traditions both of Scipio and Laelius show that the report was believed
in later times; and as his plays lay no claim to original invention, it
is quite possible that he may have been directly assisted by them or by
other men of rank in the task of translating and adapting. In any case
the style in which they are written seems to reflect the simplicity
and urbanity, the friendliness and the freedom from intolerance,
though not the more serious interests or the graver aspirations of
young men who, in their maturer years, had to play the greatest parts
in the Roman State. In other passages of his prologues he vindicates
himself from the reproach of 'contaminatio,' i.e. the combination of
scenes from different plays, and also from that of plagiarising from
Naevius and Plautus[272]. He contrasts the sobriety of his own art with
the sensationalism of his detractor[273]; and in another place[274],
he charges his opponent with having, by his bad style and literal
adherence to his original, turned good Greek plays into bad Latin ones--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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