The Roman Poets of the Republic, 3rd editionSellar, W. Y. (William Young)
History
The Roman Poets of the Republic, 3rd edition
Sellar, W. Y. (William Young)
Latin poetry -- History and criticism
The idea of law not only supports the whole fabric of his physical
philosophy, but moulds his convictions on human life and imparts to
his poetry that contemplative elevation by which it is pervaded. It
is from this ground that he makes his most powerful assault on the
strongholds of superstition. Nature is thus declared to be free from
the arbitrary and capricious agency of the gods:--
Libera continuo dominis privata superbis[47].
Man also is under the same law, and is made free by his knowledge and
acceptance of this condition. A sense of security is thus gained for
human life; a sense of elevation above its weakness and passions, and
the courage to bear its inevitable evils[48]. This absolute reliance
on law does not act upon his mind with the depressing influence of
fatalism. Although the fortunes of life and the phases of individual
character are said to be the results of the infinite combinations
of blind atoms, yet man is made free by knowledge and the use of
his reason. Notwithstanding the original constitution of his nature,
arising out of influences over which there is no control, he still has
it in his power to live a life worthy of the gods:--
Illud in his rebus videor firmare potesse,
Usque adeo naturarum vestigia linqui
Parvola, quae nequeat ratio depellere nobis
Ut nil inpediat dignam dis degere vitam[49].
From these high places of his philosophy,--'the "templa serena"
well-bulwarked by the learning of the wise'[50] he derives not only a
sense of certainty in thought and security in life, but also his wide
contemplative view, and his profound feeling of the majesty of the
universe. The idea of universal law enables him to apprehend in
all the processes of Nature a presence which awakens reverence and
enforces obedience. This idea imparts unity of tone to the whole poem,
informs its language, and seems to mould the very rhythm of its verse.
(2) But a closer view brings another aspect of the world into light;
viz. the interdependence of all things on one another. There is not
only fixed order, but there is also infinite mobility in Nature. The
sum of all things remains unchanged, though all individual existences
decay and perish. So too the sum of force remains the same[51]. There
is no rest anywhere; all things are continually changing and passing
into one another; decay and renovation form the very life and being
of all things. Nothing is ever lost. 'Nature repairs one thing from
another, and allows of no birth except through the death of something
else':--
Haud igitur penitus pereunt quaecumque videntur,
Quando alid ex alio reficit natura nec ullam
Rem gigni patitur nisi morte adiuta aliena[52]?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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