Carlisle contains two interesting structures of the mediæval period—the castle and the cathedral. The keep of the castle is a good specimen of the Norman donjon, though some parts of it have been modernized. On the walls and door of one of its chambers, used as a prison in the ‘Fifteen’ and the ‘Forty-five,’ are to be seen the coats of arms, the devices, and marks of the ‘sorrowful sighings,’ of the unhappy rebels, who beguiled their wretched hours in carving them. The cathedral exhibits some interesting specimens of the Norman as well as later styles. Its east window, which is of the decorated period, is the finest in the kingdom, with the exception, perhaps, of the west window at York. About a quarter of a mile beyond the canal basin, and nearly midway between the canal and the river, the track of the Wall may again be discerned. Owing to the difficulty of entirely uprooting it, its foundations have been suffered to remain; they form a cart-road which is used for farm purposes. A little farther on, the plough has won the day, and a uniform green sward or luxuriant harvest baffles our research. [Illustration: Altar—ob res trans vallum prospere gestas] [Sidenote: KIRK-ANDREWS.] A turf-covered mound on the east side of the church of Kirk-andrews, is occasioned by a portion of the ruins of the Wall. In the village is preserved the altar of which the wood-cut gives a representation. It was found at Kirk-steads, about a mile south of the Wall, and bears marks of having been cut down to suit the purpose of some comparatively modern builder. The focus of the altar is unusually large; the boldness of the lettering indicates an early date. It may be read— L[VCIVS] IVNIVS VIC- TORINVS ET (?) C[AIVS] AELIANVS LEG[ATI] AUG[VSTALES] LEG[IONIS] VI VIC[TRICIS] P[IÆ] F[IDELIS] OB RES TRANS VALLVM PRO- SPERE GESTAS. Lucius Junius Vic- torinus, and Caius Ælianus, Augustal legates Of the sixth legion, victorious, Pious, and faithful, on account of achievements beyond The Wall pros- perously performed. This is a vivid memorial of deeds of common occurrence during the period of Roman occupation. The original possessors of the isthmus, driven from their homes, and forced to seek an asylum in the hills to the north of the Wall, would be accounted the lawful prey of the aggressor. The gates of mercy shall be all shut up; And the fleshed soldier,—rough and hard of heart,— In liberty of bloody hand, shall range With conscience wide as hell; mowing like grass Your fresh fair virgins and your flowering infants.