So far, we have traced the story of comets and meteors, and theories
concerning their origin, but there still remains the fascinating chapter
regarding those meteor streams which cross the earth’s path in uncounted
thousands and at regular intervals. For instance there are the great
November showers unsurpassed by any, except perhaps the August meteor
system. From recent investigations it has been shown that the
independent particles of which these systems are composed form part of a
great throng moving in orderly paths around the sun. They have proved
their right to a place in the “obedient family” which Copernicus
recognized as forming the solar system. In those days meteors were
regarded as a species of exhalation from the earth and consumed during
some processes of change in the upper regions of the atmosphere. Later
on, they had attained to the rank of volcanic missiles ejected from the
moon, and ascending still higher they were said to be stones falling
from the sky, not only on land, but “in the great sea, where they
remained concealed.”
It was not until the impressive meteoric shower of 1833 that suspicions
were aroused concerning a connection between these apparently erratic
wanderers in the sky and comets. When Professors Twining and Olmsted of
New Haven, U. S. A., observed that the paths of all the meteors during
the November shower of 1833 could be traced back to what is termed a
“radiant,” and Olmsted went so far as to call the densest part of the
swarm a “comet,” these objects attained a new interest in the
astronomical world. Olmsted and Twining were the first to show that the
meteors are not terrestrial and atmospheric, but bodies truly cosmical.
Could Kepler and Copernicus have revisited the former scene of their
labors and listened to the discussions concerning the theories advanced
in connection with comets and meteors during the latter part of the
nineteenth century, they would scarcely have recognized the scheme of
the solar system thus unfolded to their view! Not only has the claim of
meteorites to membership in that system been firmly established, but the
definite seasons for their appearance, and the well-known orbits along
which certain meteor streams travel, can now be confidently predicted by
astronomers. It is true, unfortunate circumstances may cause delay, as
in the case of the failure of the expected return of the November
meteor-shower in 1899, November 14–15, but this was undoubtedly due to
the disturbing influence of Jupiter and Saturn.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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