Now a _single_ case of such a coincidence as that pointed out by
Schiaparelli might possibly be accidental, but hardly _two_. Then five
years later in 1872 came the meteoric shower of the Bielids, the
disintegrated particles following in the track of Biela’s comet, and
since then scores of meteor streams have been apparently detected with
“a comet annexed,” firmly establishing the theory regarding the
connection between comets and meteor streams as a well-proved fact.
The longer a comet has been in the solar system, the more widely
scattered will be its accompanying meteor stream. According to this
theory, the Perseids which are scattered more or less uniformly along
their orbit of enormous extent ranging far beyond the orbit of the
outermost planet Neptune, are undoubtedly old inhabitants of the solar
system. The Leonids, on the contrary, are comparatively newcomers
introduced into the solar system (according to the calculations of
Leverrier, and admitting the capture theory, though the ejection theory
is far more plausible), in A.D. 126, when Tempel’s comet, of which they
formed part, passed very near Uranus.
Since the mystery regarding these celestial wanderers has been cleared,
it might almost seem as if every comet of distinction had its own
special host of meteoric attendants following closely in its wake, their
number constantly increased by the addition of discarded fragments
forming the train of the comet at each visit paid by it to the sun. The
following is a list compiled by Mr. W. F. Denning of the chief meteoric
displays of the year.
══════════════╤════════════════╤═══════════╤═══════════════════════════
_Name of │ _Date of │ _Radiant │ _Appearance of meteors_
shower_ │ maximum_ │ point_ │
──────────────┼────────────────┼───────────┼───────────────────────────
│ │ R.A. Dcl. │
Quadrantids │January 3 │ 230° + 52°│Slowish, long paths
Lyrids │April 21 │ 270° + 33°│Swift, streaks
η Aquarids │May 2–6 │ 338° − 2°│Swift, very long paths
Draconids │June 28 │ 228° + 54°│Very slow, short paths
δ Aquarids │July 28–30 │339° − 120°│Slow, long paths
α Capricornids│July 25-August 4│ 303° − 10°│Very slow, brilliant, long
Perseids │August 11 │ 45° + 57°│Swift, streaks
Orionids │October 19 │ 92° + 15°│Swift, streaks
Leonids │November 14–15 │ 151° + 23°│Very swift, streaks
Andromedids │November 17–27 │ 25° + 44°│Very slow, short, trained
Geminids │December 11–12 │ 110° + 33°│Swift, white, short paths
──────────────┴────────────────┴───────────┴───────────────────────────
The _Lyrids_ are connected with Comet 1861 I, having a period of about
415 years.
The _Perseids_ are connected with Comet 1862 III, having a period of
about 120 years.
The _Leonids_ are connected with Comet 1866 I, having a period of 33⅓
years.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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