The Romance of Modern Geology: Describing in simple but exact language the making of the earth with some account of prehistoric animal lifeGrew, Edwin Sharpe
Science
The Romance of Modern Geology: Describing in simple but exact language the making of the earth with some account of prehistoric animal life
Grew, Edwin Sharpe
Geology; Paleontology
These divisions were not of the same length. The Palæozoic ages were
probably far, far longer than those of any other division, while
the Quaternary period is shorter than any of those which preceded
it. Each of these main divisions is divided further into systems or
shorter periods (just as the dynasties of ancient Egypt could be
subdivided into reigns). Though the broad outlines of the sequence
of the living things which existed in those periods has been the
same all over the world, many local differences may be traced in the
nature and grouping of the sedimentary materials in which the remains
of the living things of these epochs have been preserved.
To find the oldest rocks, we must seek those which lie at the bottom
or underneath all the others. Judged by this test, the oldest
rocks in Great Britain are certain hard rocks (like gneiss, or the
material of which volcanic veins are composed) which crop out in the
north-west of Scotland, and which form the outer Hebrides. They are
also known in Anglesea, and in the extreme west of Wales, at St.
David's. Similar strata form the Malvern Hills of Worcestershire,
the Longmynd Hills, Caer Caradoc and the Wrekin Hills of Shropshire,
and the hilly district of Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire. For a
long time the Cambrian rocks of Wales, so called from North Wales's
ancient name of Cambria, were believed to be the oldest on the face
of the earth. Up to the year 1830 even these rocks had no name or
recognition, for geologists believed that it was impossible to
classify them. But in 1831 Professor Adam Sedgwick, of Cambridge,
began the diligent study of the rocks in North Wales, and after five
years' work he was able to announce in 1836 that he had determined
the general order of succession in that district of a certain ancient
group of slaty, gritty, and flaggy strata. However, eighteen years
later, in 1854, Sir William Logan, who was then engaged in mapping
the rocks of Canada, found along the River St. Lawrence an enormous
thickness (30,000 feet or more) of gneiss, quartzite, schist,[15]
limestone, etc., these rocks underlying--and being, therefore, older
than--the Cambrian strata, which are also well developed in that
country. To these "bottom" rocks Logan gave the name of Laurentian.
For some time afterwards the same name was also applied to the
somewhat similar rocks which were found to underlie the Cambrian
formation in Britain, but it was felt safer to give the English
rocks a more general name. They are therefore now usually called
Pre-Cambrian, which simply means older than the Cambrian strata, or
Archæan.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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