The Romance of Modern Geology: Describing in simple but exact language the making of the earth with some account of prehistoric animal lifeGrew, Edwin Sharpe
Science
The Romance of Modern Geology: Describing in simple but exact language the making of the earth with some account of prehistoric animal life
Grew, Edwin Sharpe
Geology; Paleontology
The Triassic period in its later stages was very like the earlier
period of the era which followed it, and the reptiles which were
characteristic of the close of the first were continued in some cases
with only slight differentiation in the second. The Plesiosaurs and
Ichthyosaurs are associated with the Trias, and we may therefore
describe them now. Though some of these large aquatic creatures must
have measured thirty feet from snout to tail, they do not equal in
size the great aquatic mammals of to-day--the whales. In life the
Plesiosaur had a body like the hull of a submarine with four great
paddles attached--the fore and the hind legs. It had a long neck like
a gigantic swan, and an elongated head provided with powerful jaws
armed with numerous pointed teeth. It probably could swim under water
as well as on the surface, and when floating could snap small lizards
from the land. The paddles have a definite structure like legs, with
five toes, wrist or ankle, forearm or foreleg, and upper arm or
thigh. A great number of these Plesiosaurs have been found in the
Lias formation of the south of England; and slabs containing whole
skeletons have frequently been obtained. They and two similarly
embedded and flattened skeletons of different kinds of Ichthyosaurs
may be seen in quantity on the wall of the gallery of fossil reptiles
in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington.
The Ichthyosaurs were much more fish-like or whale-like in form than
the Plesiosaurs. "They were, indeed," says Sir E. Ray Lankester,
"singularly like the porpoises and grampuses among living whales
and stand in the same relation to land-living reptiles that the
porpoises do to land-living mammals. Their fish-like appearance and
fins are not primitive characters and do not indicate any closer
blood relationship to fishes than that possessed by other reptiles.
They are the offspring of four-legged terrestrial reptiles which
have become specially modified and adapted to submarine life." Like
many whales, they had a fin on the back devoid of bony support.
The Ichthyosaur had a ring of bony plates supporting the eyeball
(as birds also have), and these are often preserved in the fossil
specimens.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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