The long-chinned elephant requires, however, a few moments' consideration from an altogether different point of view. This species appears to have had the widest geographical distribution of any member of the family, of which it may be regarded as the great colonising or emigrant representative. First developed in North Africa, where its remains occur in the early Miocene strata of Mogara and Tunisia, this species ranged right across Europe to the confines of North-Western India, having probably reached Italy from Africa by means of a land-bridge by way of Sicily, and thence travelling through Greece into Asia. On the latter continent it appears to have given rise to the modern elephants, as remains of the former are unknown in any other part of the world. If this be true, it follows that elephants of the modern type subsequently migrated into Europe and thence to Africa, while in the other direction they wandered by way of Behring Strait to America. Hence we are led to the remarkable conclusion that while the first elephants appeared in Africa, the modern African elephant is of Asiatic parentage, and a comparatively recent immigrant into the land of its forefathers. Next to man and the carnivora, elephants appear to have been the greatest travellers the world has ever produced, for, starting from their North African birthplace, they reached by the Behring Strait route nearly to the extremity of South America, while to the north they penetrated the Arctic circle, and to the south, on their return journey, reached the coast in the neighbourhood of Cape Town. Another great traveller was the horse. The first undoubted horse-like animal was _Eohippus_, a little creature about eleven inches in height at the shoulder, and in general rather more like the flesh-eaters than the horses of the present day. The back was arched, the head and neck were short, and the limbs of moderate length, showing no remarkable adaptation for speed. This genus had a remarkable range, having apparently originated in England (then a part of Western Europe), and migrated by way of Europe and Asia, and what is now Behring Strait, to America, where it got as far east as New Mexico. This migration of _Eohippus_ shifted the scene of evolution to the western hemisphere, for while examples of it are continually and continuously found there in succeeding strata it only appears occasionally in Europe, as if the remains there had been those of mere emigrants. Later on the horse developed in America, growing larger till it was first as big as a collie-dog, with signs of being more adapted for speed. It then had four toes on its foot. It continued, though very gradually, to grow larger, and even more gradually its unnecessary toes grew fewer and fewer till at last they disappeared.