The last great mammal we must mention in this series is the _Arsinoitherium_, which was found only a few years ago by Dr. Andrews in Egypt, in the same strata whence he obtained the fossil ancestors of the elephant. It was so called because it was found near the palace of Arsinoë, the name of the Egyptian queen of Greek race. But _Arsinoitherium_ was far from being a graceful ladylike creature, and, resembling in general appearance a rhinoceros, had two enormous bones, which grew out of its nose on either side of it. The bones were hollow and were probably covered with skin in life; and _Arsinoitherium_ had a wonderful and wonderfully even set of teeth. To conclude, we must add a representative mammal of this period, the _Sivatherium_, found in India, and the _Samotherium_, found in the Isle of Samos, which were like giraffes, and the beginning of the sloth-like animals, whose appearance we must, however, deal with in another chapter. [Illustration: Two Arsinoitheriums (Prehistoric Rhinoceros) at Bay before a Pack of Hyænodons The Arsinoitherium stood 5 feet 9 inches at the withers, and measured 9 feet 9 inches from snout to rump. The hyænodons (hyæna toothed) were no relation of the modern hyæna. They had bodies like the Tasmanian wolf, and were wonderfully adapted to capture both land and water living prey. (Drawn under the direction of Prof. Osborn.)] The whales whose remains are found in the Pliocene rocks differ little from those now living; but the observations geologists have been able to make upon these gigantic remains of the ancient world are too few to allow of any very precise conclusion. It is certain, however, that the fossil differs from the existing whale in certain characteristics perceptible in the bones of the skull. The discovery of an enormous fragment of a fossil whale, made at Paris in 1779, in the cellar of a wine merchant in the Rue Dauphine, created a great sensation. Science pronounced, without much hesitation, on the true origin of these remains; but the public had some difficulty in comprehending the existence of a whale in the Rue Dauphine. It was in digging some holes in his cellars that the wine merchant made this interesting discovery. His workmen found, under the pick, an enormous piece of bone buried in a yellow clay. Its complete extraction caused him a great deal of labour, and presented many difficulties. Little interested in making further discoveries, our wine merchant contented himself with raising, with the help of a chisel, a portion of the monstrous bone. The piece thus detached weighed 227 lbs. It was exhibited in the wine-shop, where large numbers of the curious went to see it. Lamanon, a naturalist of that day, who examined it, conjectured that the bone belonged to the head of a whale. As to the bone itself, it was purchased for the Teyler Museum, at Haarlem.