Sabre-toothed Cat, The, 273 Saharan desert, The, 22 St. Pierre, Destruction of, by volcano, 186 Salt Lakes, 57 Sambon, Dr., 116 _Samotherium_, The, 266 San Francisco, Earthquake at, 140, 161 San Gabriel River, effect of earthquake on, 141 Sand-banks and mud-banks, how they are made, 20 Sand-dunes, how they are made, 45 Saturn as an abode of life, 119 Scaly Saurians, 248 Scandinavia, Ice in, 74 Schist, 200 Scotland, Ice in, 74 Sea, depths of the, 189; in the Silurian Age, 210 Sea, The, encroachment on land, 17; Isle of Wight, 17; British Isles, 17; Florida, 18; Heligoland, 18; Erosion, 19; its work, 19 Seaquakes, 143; Chilian coast, 144; the _Florence Nightingale_, 145; sensation of, 145; origin of, 147 Sea-water, The action of, 65 Sediment deposited by rivers, 20, 51 Sedimentary rocks, 104, 129 See, Dr. J. J., his theory concerning the interior of the earth, 88 Seismology, 23; in Japan, 153 Seismometers, 24, 153 Shape of the Earth, The, 31 Sharks, 216 Shingle, how it accumulated, 60 Shells found on dry land, 19; forests covered by, 19 Shells in lakes, Deposit of, 57; in the ocean, 63 Shetland Islands, Action of the sea on the, 59 _Sigillarias_, 222 Silchester, 45 Silica, 40 Silurian Period, Scorpions and insects in the, 203; surface of the earth in the, 208; rivers and streams, 209; coral reefs, 210; fish, 210; plant life, 210; Britain, 211 Silurian rocks, 202 _Sivatherium_, The, 266 Snail-shells in lakes, 57 Snakes, First appearance of, 255 Snow and Ice Age, 68 Sonora, Earthquake at, 160 Sperm Whale, The, 274 _Sphenodon_, The, 230 "Spy men," 286 Stars, The, 91 Steam a cause of earthquakes _Stegosaurus_, The, 242 Stone Age, The, 287 Stones smoothed by water, 55 Strata, The earth's, 78 _Strokkur_ geyser in Iceland, 141 Submarine volcanoes, 187 Subterranean caves, how caused, 195 Sun, The, 90; as an abode of life, 118 Tapir, The, 273 Temperature of borings, The, 83; of the Moon, 124; of Mars, 126 Temperature, Changes of, 33 Terminal moraines, 76 Tertiary Period, The, 257 _Tetrabelodon Mastodon_, The, 260 Thames, Sediment deposited by the, 21 Tides, 87, 102 _Titanotherium_, The, 265 Tornadoes, 43 Torrents, The action of, 52 Torridonian Sandstones, 130 Trade Winds, 42 Triassic Period, The, 231 _Triceratops_, The, 253 Trilobite, The, 204; in the Ordovician Period, 207 "Trinil Man," The, 285 Typhoons, 43 _Ultima Speranza Cave_, The, 276 Upheaval of land, 151, 181 Uranus, 119 Valais Mountains glacier, 72 Valparaiso, Earthquake at, 160 Vegetation on the Moon, 124; of the Devonian Period, 216; of the Carboniferous Period, 220; of the Jurassic Period, 245 Venus as an abode of life, 118 Vertebrates, Evolution of the, 225 Volcanoes of the Andes, 97; in the Moon, 106