It is not only amongst insects that these curious cases of beneficial resemblance are to be found, that creatures live, as it were, a false life, and are not what they seem to be. The device, indeed, is not so frequently resorted to in the case of any other order of animals, and when it is, it is not, as a rule, so marked—not of such a definite nature as with insects, and some other of the smaller class of creatures, but still the principle is there. We have seen the case of the mantis pretending, as it were, to be a flower. There is a certain lizard that does much the same thing, for the skin at the angle of its mouth, on each side, is puckered up into a little red flower, just like one that grows in the sand, where it lives. Insects, thinking to come to the flower, come to the lizard’s mouth instead, and are soon gobbled up. Insects are things which often fly into manifest danger, but still, if they saw the lizard they would be less likely to come to the flower. But now this lizard’s body is exactly the colour of the sand that it lies in, so that it can hardly be seen, and this sort of general resemblance is much more common amongst birds and mammalia than the more special ones that we have been considering. I do not, indeed, know any case of one quadruped escaping destruction, by being mistaken for another, or for a rock or tree, but amongst birds there are just a few instances of this. In the Malay Archipelago, for instance, there are some loud, noisy birds which are called “Friar-birds,” because some of the feathers on their necks curl up over their heads, like a friar’s cape or cowl. They have powerful beaks and claws, which they know how to use, and, as they fly about in flocks, they are very well able to take care of themselves. There are different species of these friar-birds on each of the larger islands, and in each of these islands—flying in the same flock with them—is a bird of a quite different family, and as timid and retiring as the others are bold and aggressive. Orioles these attendant birds are, and the typical oriole is as different from a friar-bird in appearance as it is in disposition. But these particular ones resemble them so exactly that they have been mistaken for friar-birds by scientific gentlemen, with the two together in their hands, and have even got mixed up with them in scientific works—flying with them still, through those dry, dead leaves, as though they were the living forests of their native land. Thus in a great scientific French book, called _Voyage de l’Astrolabe_, an oriole of Bouru is both described and figured as a friar-bird, keeping up the joke, or the fiction, to the very last. However, as far as that is concerned, I have no doubt that the oriole thinks he really is a friar-bird, or, at least, feels as if he was one, which would come to much the same thing.