The Romance of the Microscope: An interesting description of its uses in all branches of science, industry, agriculture, and in the detection of crime, with a short account of its origin, history, and developmentEaland, C. A. (Charles Aubrey)
History
The Romance of the Microscope: An interesting description of its uses in all branches of science, industry, agriculture, and in the detection of crime, with a short account of its origin, history, and development
Ealand, C. A. (Charles Aubrey)
Microscopes; Microscopy
The method we described for the staining of bacteria does not apply to
such objects as plant sections, &c., and we propose to describe, as
briefly as possible, how to proceed with such objects. Suppose we are
examining one of the common pond plants, _Spirogyra_ for instance, and
we wish to see whether it contains starch. Our specimen is in a slide,
in a drop of water, and covered by a cover slip. In the first place, we
must obtain some fluffless blotting paper--the ordinary filter papers
sold by all chemists are excellent--from it we must cut about half a
dozen pieces, about half an inch by one inch, the exact size is not
important, and they need not be measured. These we must fold in the
centre, so that they can be made to stand up like an inverted V. From
our bottle of iodine solution we take a drop of the liquid on the end
of a glass rod and place it carefully at one edge of the cover slip,
avoiding allowing any of the solution to flow on to the upper surface
of the slip. Now, one of the pieces of blotting paper must be placed
upon the opposite side of the slide so that it will stand up; it must
then be moved till it just touches the edge of the cover slip. The
blotting paper will absorb the water from beneath the cover slip, and
in doing so the iodine solution will be drawn along to take the place
of the water. By proceeding in this manner and replacing the blotting
paper with a new piece as it becomes moist, also replenishing the drop
of iodine as it is used up, we act upon our object with a stronger and
stronger solution, and, in _Spirogyra_, the object which we took as our
example, we can see beautiful rosettes of starch grains, arranged at
regular intervals along the green bands of chlorophyll. This method of
staining may be used in most cases where we merely require a temporary
stain; by reversing the process and drawing water over the object by
means of blotting paper, it may be used in washing sections and parts
of plants. For very small objects, such as starch grains separated from
the plants in which they are formed, the method is hardly suitable, for
they are liable to be drawn along in the stream of liquid and lost.
For more permanent staining processes, we must use our watch glasses,
into which we pour the various liquids necessary for the operation. The
precise methods of staining, the periods during which objects should
remain in the staining solution, and the chemicals used for removing
excessive stain vary, as may be guessed, according to circumstances.
Some chemicals act very quickly, and staining takes place in a few
minutes; others act slowly, and with them it is necessary to subject
our specimens to their action for hours or even days. Then again, it is
obvious that large specimens take longer to stain than small ones, hard
objects are not so readily acted upon as soft ones. Experience alone
will show what is required in various cases.
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