The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and WorkMaunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter)
History
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work
Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter)
Astronomy -- History; Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Except at the exact time of full moon, we do not see the entire face
of our satellite; one edge or 'limb' is in darkness. As the moon
therefore passes over the star, either the limb at which the star
disappears, or that at which it reappears, is invisible to us. To
watch an occultation at the bright limb is pretty; the moon, with
its shining craters and black hollows, its mountain ranges in bright
relief, like a model in frosted silver, slowly, surely, inevitably
comes nearer and nearer to the little brilliant which it is going to
eclipse. The movement is most regular, most smooth, yet not rapid.
The observer glances at his clock, and marks the minute as the two
heavenly bodies come closer and closer to each other. Then he counts
the clock beats: 'five, six, seven,' it may be, as the star has
been all but reached by the advancing moon. 'Eight,' it is still
clear; ere the beat of the clock rings to the 'nine,' perhaps the
little diamond point has been touched by the wide arch of the moon's
limb, and has gone! Less easy to exactly time is a reappearance at
the bright limb. In this case the observer must ascertain from the
_Nautical Almanac_ precisely where the star will reappear; then
a little before the predicted time he takes his place at the
telescope, watches intently the moon's circumference at the point
indicated, and, listening for the clock-beats, counts the seconds as
they fly. Suddenly, without warning, a pin-point of light flashes
out at the edge of the moon, and at once draws away from it. The
star has 'reappeared.'
Far more striking is a disappearance or reappearance at the 'dark
limb.' In this case the limb of the moon is absolutely invisible,
and it may be that no part of the moon is visible in the field
of the telescope. In this case the observer sees a star shining
brightly and alone in the middle of the field of his telescope. He
takes the time from his faithful clock, counting beat after beat,
when suddenly the star is gone! So sudden is the disappearance that
the novice feels almost as astonished as if he had received a slap
in the face, and not unfrequently he loses all count or recollection
of the clock beats. The reappearance at the dark limb is quite as
startling; with a bright star it is almost as if a shell had burst
in his very face, and it would require no very great imagination to
make him think that he had heard the explosion. One moment nothing
was visible; now a great star is shining down serenely on the
watcher. A little practice soon enables the observer to accustom
himself to these effects, and an old hand finds no more difficulty
in observing an occultation of any kind than in taking a transit.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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