The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
Owing to frequent absence from camp, I was unable to read the
thermometer and barometer as continuously and regularly as I could have
wished, but the readings which I did take give us some idea of what the
climate at Zimbabwe was in June and July last year. We arrived there on
June 6, after a week of south-east winds, high barometer, and rain and
mist. The wind then gradually fell and the barometer with it, and we
had three weeks of fine calm weather. The barometer reached its minimum
on June 27, and at the same time the difference of the readings of the
wet and dry bulb thermometers was at its maximum. The air was then very
dry and the sky clear, with light north winds which were evidently
local in origin, and the temperature at night fell below
freezing-point, so that in the morning we saw a light deposit of
hoar-frost. Immediately after this the barometer began to rise, there
were light south-east winds, the atmosphere became moister, and on July
4 the south-east wind had increased considerably in strength, and some
rain fell. From this time until the end of our stay at Zimbabwe, on
August 2, the barometer slowly rose and fell, its range being limited
to about three-tenths of an inch; and whenever the south-east winds
blew at all strongly the barometer rose and we had mist and rain. We
had during this period generally about a half-day of rain each week.
At first sight it seems surprising that we should have windy wet
weather with a high barometer, but we must remember that the only winds
which can bring rain to Zimbabwe, at least in winter, are the
south-easterly winds, and these, like all other winds blowing towards
the equator, increase the atmospheric pressure. Zimbabwe is situated on
the edge of a plateau about 3,400 feet above sea level. The country
breaks down gradually towards the south and east and more rapidly
towards the west, while towards the north it rises gently until after
about 100 miles it attains an altitude of nearly 5,000 feet. The west
winds, if they do blow, have to traverse the continent and the high
country about the sources of the Limpopo before they reach Zimbabwe, so
that they will deposit their excess of moisture for the altitude of
Zimbabwe before reaching that place; and the northerly winds will tend
to increase in temperature, and consequently in dryness, after falling
from the high country towards the north; so that westerly and northerly
winds will not part with moisture at Zimbabwe. The predominant winds in
this latitude are the south-east trades, and they, carrying their
moisture from the Indian Ocean, are forced to rise as they pass over
this country, and they consequently expand and are lowered in
temperature and so deposit much of their moisture on this edge of the
high plateau. A similar winter climate seems to prevail in most parts
of Mashonaland, the edges of the plateaux receiving most of the
moisture. Manica is situated much nearer the sea than Zimbabwe, and the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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