The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
Of the outer wall of the circular building the most interesting portion
is decidedly that to the south-east. A few courses below the summit on
the outside, from point A to point B on the plan, runs the pattern,
formed by two courses having the stones placed chevron-wise, neatly
fitted in with smaller stones receding a little, so as to make the
pattern at a distance appear as if it stood out in relief, whereas it
is really flush with the wall. This pattern coincides with the sacred
enclosure inside, terminating at point B exactly where the enclosure
terminates, and at the other end at point A about half-way down the
narrow passage, forming thus an arc of one and a half right angle. Its
connection with the sanctity of the place is obvious, and into its
relation to the orientation of the temple Mr. Swan will enter fully in
the ensuing chapter. Along this portion of the wall, and on this only,
large monoliths were inserted, most of which have fallen away; but
those still standing show that they were equidistant. Here too the top
of the wall has been neatly paved with slabs of granite, and must have
formed a broad promenade, presumably approached by steps from a point
near the main entrance. Here one can still walk with ease, whereas on
the inferior portion of the wall it is now scarcely possible to
scramble.
The labyrinthine character of the interior will be best grasped by a
glance at the plan. Entering from the northern portal, we at once
plunge into its intricacies. The great and astounding feature is the
long narrow passage leading direct from the main entrance to the sacred
enclosure, so narrow in parts that two people cannot walk abreast,
whilst on either side of you rise the stupendous walls, thirty feet in
height, and built with such evenness of courses and symmetry that as a
specimen of the dry builder’s art it is without a parallel. The large
blocks of cut stone used in Egyptian, Greek, and Roman masonry must
have been comparatively easy to deal with as compared with these small
stones of rough granite built in even courses in a circular wall of
immense thickness and height. The idea at once suggests itself that the
people who erected these walls had at one time been accustomed to build
in bricks, and that in the absence of this material they had perfected
a system of stone-building to represent as nearly as possible the
appearance of brick; also another reason for the use of small stones
may have been to enable them to construct the tower and curves with
greater accuracy. The facings of the stones are all uniform, but most
of them run back into the wall irregularly, acting in the same way as
throughs in our dry-built walls at home in preserving the building from
falling. In this narrow passage, at point S, is the remarkable hole,
executed with perfect neatness through the thickest part of the wall,
about the actual use of which I am able to give no definite theory. It
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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