The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
History
The ruined cities of Mashonaland: Being a record of excavation and exploration in 1891
Bent, J. Theodore (James Theodore)
Extinct cities -- Zimbabwe -- Mashonaland; Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city)
There are two other places where the meridian transits of stars have
been watched at Zimbabwe, and in these cases it is still the same
portion of the heavens which has been observed. The altar in the
eastern temple in the fortress has been placed ten feet E.S.E. of the
centre of the arc, in order to permit of the meridian being observed
through the gap in the rock which formed the northern doorway. Here the
line laid off is much shorter than that between the rock and the great
temple, but still fairly accurate observations could be made. To the
north of the centre of the arc of the great wall of the western temple
there is, as we have already shown, a great monolith erected, and at
one side of this the stars might be observed at their culminations. As
seen from the altar this monolith would mark out an angular distance of
9° of the meridian.
It is remarkable that only stars of the northern hemisphere seem to
have been observed at Zimbabwe, for in the great temple itself the
culminations of southern stars could quite as easily have been observed
as those of northern ones, and in the fortress all view of the northern
sky is almost completely shut off by the cliffs and huge boulders which
form its northern line of defence; yet every point from which northern
stars could have been observed has been used for this purpose, and
there is no temple there from which northern stars were not observed,
while at the same time the openly displayed southern sky has been left
unregarded. This, of course, points to a northern origin for the
people, and suggests that before they came to Zimbabwe they had
acquired the habit of observing certain stars—a habit so strong that it
led them to disregard the use of the southern constellations, though
they must have known that they would equally well have served to
regulate their calendar; it even seems to indicate that they attached
ideas of veneration to certain stars, and rendered them worship. It
seems a plausible supposition that while the great temple itself was
devoted to solar and analogous forms of worship, the little circular,
or partly circular, temples within its walls, of which we found one
fairly well preserved and fragmentary remains of several others, were
dedicated to the cult of particular stars.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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