Thus all the individual virtues have for their object, more or less direct, more or less near, the preservation of the man who practises them and by the preservation of each man, they lead to that of families and society, which are composed of the united sum of individuals. CHAPTER X. ON DOMESTIC VIRTUES. Q. What do you mean be domestic virtues? A. I mean the practice of actions useful to a family, supposed to live in the same house.* * Domestic is derived from the Latin word domus, a house. Q. What are those virtues? A. They are economy, paternal love, filial love, conjugal love, fraternal love, and the accomplishment of the duties of master and servant. Q. What is economy? A. It is, according to the most extensive meaning of the word, the proper administration of every thing that concerns the existence of the family or house; and as subsistence holds the first rank, the word economy in confined to the employment of money for the wants of life. Q. Why is economy a virtue? A. Because a man who makes no useless expenses acquires a superabundancy, which is true wealth, and by means of which he procures for himself and his family everything that is really convenient and useful; without mentioning his securing thereby resources against accidental and unforeseen losses, so that he and his family enjoy an agreeable and undisturbed competency, which is the basis of human felicity. Q. Dissipation and prodigality, therefore, are vices? A. Yes, for by them man, in the end, is deprived of the necessaries of life; he falls into poverty and wretchedness; and his very friends, fearing to be obliged to restore to him what he has spent with or for them, avoid him as a debtor does his creditor, and he remains abandoned by the whole world. Q. What is paternal love? A. It is the assiduous care taken by parents to make their children contract the habit of every action useful to themselves and to society. Q. Why is paternal tenderness a virtue in parents? A. Because parents, who rear their children in those habits, procure for themselves, during the course of their lives, enjoyments and helps that give a sensible satisfaction at every instant, and which assure to them, when advanced in years, supports and consolations against the wants and calamities of all kinds with which old age is beset. Q. Is paternal love a common virtue? A. No; notwithstanding the ostentation made of it by parents, it is a rare virtue. They do not love their children, they caress and spoil them. In them they love only the agents of their will, the instruments of their power, the trophies of their vanity, the pastime of their idleness. It is not so much the welfare of their children that they propose to themselves, as their submission and obedience; and if among children so many are seen ungrateful for benefits received, it is because there are among parents as many despotic and ignorant benefactors. Q. Why do you say that conjugal love is a virtue?