Country life -- England; England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century
We met a man of a most gaunt and miserable appearance. A young man not
more than thirty years of age. He had all the aspect of a penurious
fellow. Dirty, unshaven, with soiled clothes and unwashed linen. He was
coming along the lane with a rude tumbrel. This man was a thorough miser
as ever existed. He lived totally alone. He suffered no woman to come
about his house. If his clothes ever were washed they were done by
himself, but he never bought an ounce of soap. He had bought a small
property; a house and some adjoining crofts, where he lived. From this
place he was called Tony of Todcrofts. This man was never known to part
with money except to the tax-gatherer. If he wanted a board put on his
cart, or a nail to keep it together, he bargained with the wheelwright
or the blacksmith to pay them in peat. He baked his own oatcake, and
paid the miller in peat for grinding his oats. He drank milk from his
own cow, and made his own clogs, cut from his own alder. He contrived
to purchase little, and what he did purchase he still paid for in peat.
On the fells he cut peat all summer, making days of uncommon length; and
in the autumn he drew it down with a sledge, and on one occasion, having
no horse, he carried the sledge, every time he re-ascended the hills,
upon his back.
In a neighbouring dale we passed the farm called Barben-park, which we
were informed had been held by the family occupying it, on a lease for
three lives, now being in the last life; of which the rent is so low
that the tenant has oftener, on the rent-day, to receive money, on
account of taxes and rates, than to pay any away. The house struck us as
one of the most wild and solitary places of abode we had ever seen. It
stood on the fell side, and for many miles there appeared no other
house, nor any trace of human workmanship, but a few ruinous limekilns.
The inhabitants were represented as wild and rude as their location, yet
rich, the hills all round being covered with their sheep, ponies,
cattle, and geese, which seemed in a great measure to run wild, and
increase in a state of complete nature. There were said to be bulls of
great savageness amongst them--the bulls of Barben being as awfully
famous here as the bulls of Bashan of old; and foxes which the farmers
often turned out, and chased with all their men for miles along the
hills. A gentleman who had been at this house described the people as
living like ancient kings in the rude abundance of earthly plenty. In
Wensleydale there is a large farmer who keeps up the primitive custom of
two meals a day, from Candlemas to Martinmas, which is the depth of
winter. They breakfast at ten o’clock on cold meat, ale, cheese, etc.;
and do not go into the house again till six in the evening, by which
time they have not only returned from the fields, but have seen all
their cattle served for the night, and a hot dinner of meat, puddings,
and other good things, awaits them and their servants, who sit eating
and drinking till bed-time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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