Orenburg-Tashkent Railway, i. 86 _n._ Orloff, General, at Liao-yang, i. 279; retreat to Yen-tai, ii. 234 Osaka, great exhibition at, i. 219 Ostolopoff, Colonel, i. 302 _Osvobojdenie_, the Royal Timber Company, ii. 307 Pacific Ocean, opposition to Russian access to, i. 146, 147 Patriotism in Japan and Russia, ii. 78–80, 121–123, 227 Paul II., Emperor of Russia, and the army, i. 8 Pavloff, Chamberlain, Russian Minister in Korea, Yalu enterprise, i. 175, 180 Pavlovski, M., engineer of Siberian Railway, i. 253 Peking, Treaty of, i. 35, 199; capture of, i. 155 Penalties on active service, ii. 171, 173 Persia: war with Russia, i. 33; frontier and trade with Russia, i. 58, 59; the cockpit of the Middle East, i. 59; Great Britain and Germany in, i. 60; Russian aims in, i. 61 _Personnel_, defects in, ii. 60–72 Peter the Great: war with Sweden, i. 5; war with Turkey, i. 6; founder of the Russian fleet, i. 7; his struggles with Charles XII. and Napoleon, i. 10, 11; his counsel, i, 20; his influence, i. 41 Petroff, General, i. 245 Petrovitch, Paul, Emperor, his reforms, i. 38 Plancon, M., diplomat, investigation of the Timber Company, i. 180 Plehve, Von, Minister of the Interior, and the Timber Company, ii. 311 Plevna, battle at, i. 25–30; the cause of the Russian reverses at, ii. 13 Poland, Russia’s neighbour, i. 3; her struggles with Russia, i. 7; the problem of, i. 10, 11; rebellion, i. 23 Poltava, Russian victory at, i. 5, 11, 41 Port Arthur: Russian aims, i. 69; work at, i. 126, 127; armament for, i. 128, 129; the council on the timber concession, i. 180–184; Kuropatkin’s advice as to, i. 189, 190; Chino-Japanese War, i. 202; naval battles at, i. 238–241; fall of, i. 260; garrison at, ii. 205, 208; weakness of, ii. 211, 213, 214; result of fall of, ii. 299 Pri-Amur district and Russia, i. 77; increase of troops in, i. 121, 122, 144, 151 Punishment, corporal, ii. 173 Putiloff Hill: Japanese losses at, ii. 193; movement of troops from, ii. 319 Railways, the Siberian, i. 123, 149, 156; as a factor in the Japanese War, i. 131–134, 198; the problem of, i. 242–254, ii. 31; necessity for guarding, ii. 37 _Razsvet_, newspaper, on Kuropatkin’s responsibility, i. 177 _Razviedchik_ (_The Resurrected Dead_), i. 292 Rediger, Lieutenant-General, War Minister, his report, i. 138, 139 Rennenkampf, General: capture of Tsitsihar and Kirin, i. 155; in the Tai-tzu Ho Valley, ii. 244, 254, 273; Liao-yang, ii. 318, 328; the gallantry of his troops, ii. 323 Reservists, Russian, i. 275–286, ii. 73, 163 Revenue, Russian, i. 142 Revolutionists, Social, ii. 75–80 Roop, General, criticisms by commanders, ii. 9. Roslavleff, M., on Kuropatkin’s responsibility, i. 176, 177; the council at Port Arthur, i. 184