[20] [One man on one full day’s work.—ED.] [21] [General Kuropatkin’s views on this point appear to have changed, see p. 270.—ED.] [22] [Who had succeeded Grippenberg in the command of the 2nd Army.—ED.] [23] Or sergeant-majors. [24] [On account of student disorders that had led to the closing of the Universities.—ED.] [25] Medical students. [26] [General Kuropatkin himself.—ED.] [27] Our communications were threatened, and the Yen-tai Mines on the flank were in the enemy’s hands. [28] The retirement from Liao-yang was orderly, while that from Mukden more nearly approached a rout; but it is not certain that the Russians were really beaten at the former place when the decision to retire was made.—ED. [29] [_Sic._ This seems almost incredible.—ED.] [30] [The portion of this chapter which immediately follows deals in great detail with the breakdown of the unit organization. It has been separated from the text, and is given in Appendix II.—ED.] [31] When the appointments of Inspector-Generals were created, some confusion resulted between the powers of these and that of the district commanders. [32] Two in the two brigades, and two on the divisional staff. [33] [Service with the colours in Russia has been reduced generally from five to three years.—ED.] [34] The transport was not fully horsed. [35] [By this expression is meant a land not belonging to Russia.—ED.] [36] [The term used by common folk in Russia when addressing men of higher birth.—ED.] [37] Owing to famine in the Kholm district in the years just before the war, the reservists in it were called up later than those in the neighbouring districts, and the majority of them were consequently stationed on the line of communications. [38] [Summary courts-martial under martial law.—ED.] [39] With two-wheeled baggage-carts, the number has to be increased by an additional fifty-four men. [40] Cooks and mess caterers, eighteen of each—_i.e._, sixteen per company, and two with scout sections, one mounted, one dismounted. [41] Three per company. [42] [This is taking a regiment at 4,000—_i.e._, the men actually in the firing-line and not employed specially—for scout sections, etc.—ED.] [43] I several times reported to the War Minister that the despatch of drafts to fill up wastage in the units already at the front was much more necessary than the despatch to us of fresh units. [44] [Battle of Hei-kou-tai.—Ed.] [45] Colonel Ujin’s pack-telephone system, which I tried in Manchuria, is a very good one. [46] [Presumably squares on a map.—ED.] [47] Artillery regiments to be subordinate in all respects as regards command to the divisional commander. The commander of an artillery brigade must technically superintend and inspect all batteries with an army corps. [48] One cavalry regiment per division. [49] One sapper battalion and one company of sappers per division; one mining and two telegraph companies as corps troops.