[40] In the reign of Alexis the revision of the Bible carried out by the Patriarch Nicon (1655) resulted in a great schism in the Orthodox Church, a number of people clinging to the old version of the Scriptures in spite of the errors it contained. Thus was formed the sect of the Old Believers which still exists in Russia. [41] Quoted from an article by me, "Moussorgsky's Operas," in the "Musical Times," July 1st, 1913. [42] Published by V. Yastrebtsiev in the Moscow weekly, "Musika." No. 135, June 22 (O.S.), 1913. [43] He was appointed musical critic of the St. Petersburg "Viedomosty" in 1864. [44] Ponchielli has used the same subject for his opera "Gioconda"; while Mascagni, influenced possibly by the Russian realists, made a literal setting of Heine's poem "William Ratcliff" in the style of _The Stone Guest_ ("Guglielmo Ratcliff," Milan 1895.) [45] The opera was produced in St. Petersburg in February, 1911, the Emperor and Empress being present. It will be given shortly by the Zimin Opera Company, in Moscow. Published by Jurgenson, Moscow. [46] It will be remembered that Zaremba was satirized in Moussorgsky's humorous Scena "The Musician's Peep-show" as that "denizen of cloudland" who used to deliver to his bewildered classes inspired dictums something in this style: "Mark my words: the minor key Is the source of man's first downfall; But the major still can give Salvation to your erring souls." [47] This opera is now given abroad under the title of _Ivan the Terrible_, which brings home to foreigners some realisation of its period and of its gloomy central figure. [48] _Impressions Musicales et Littéraires_, par Camille Bellaigue. [49] There are no less than ten true folk-themes contained in the opera of _Tsar Saltan_. The theme of the Elder Sisters, in the Introduction, may be found in Rimsky-Korsakov's collection of National Songs, No. 24, communicated by Balakirev. The theme of the Tale of the Old Grand-father is a street cry ("Any fruit or greens"); a theme used by the Prince Gvidon is taken from a child's song, No. 66, in Korsakov's collection; others may be found in the same volume; also in the collections of Stakhovich and Prach. [50] _Citizens of the Lower-town_ would be a more literal translation of the title, but would convey nothing to foreigners. [51] This composer must not be confused with his nephew A. S. Taneiev, the composer of a rather Frenchified opera entitled "Love's Revenge." [52] Quoted in the article on this composer in the Russian edition of Riemann's Musical Dictionary, 1904. [53] Pan is the title of the Polish gentry, Sotnik, literally a centurion, a military grade. [54] For example, the Court ballets of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were practically opera-ballets, since they included songs, dances and spoken dialogue.