BARON MACGUCKIN DE SLANE, "Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary" (Paris, 1842-1871), four volumes. PHILIP K. HITTI, "Al Baladhuri's History of the Mohammedan Conquest" (Columbia University, New York, 1916). "Albiruni's Chronology." For romance the list is almost endless. It includes: E. W. LANE, "The Thousand and One Nights" (London), three volumes. JOHN PAYNE, "The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night" (London, 1884), nine volumes. SIR RICHARD BURTON, "Plain and Literal Translation of the Thousand Nights" (London, 1885), ten volumes. SIR RICHARD BURTON, "Supplementary Nights" (London, 1887), six volumes. J. VON HAMMER, "New Arabian Nights" (London). T. HAMILTON, "Antar, a Bedoueen Romance" (London, 1820), four volumes. T. CHENERY and F. STEINGASS, "The Assemblies of Al-Hariri" (London, 1898), two volumes. W. J. PRENDERGAST, "The Maquamat of Al-Hamadhani" (Madras, 1915). C. FIELD, "Tales of the Caliphs" (New York, 1909). For philosophic themes, consult: T. J. DE BOER, "History of Philosophy in Islam" (London, 1903). D. B. MACDONALD, "Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, etc." (Scribners, New York, 1903). J. L. BURCKHARDT, "Arabic Proverbs" (London, 1830). And most important of all for general information is the new and authoritative "Encyclopædia of Islam," edited by Houtsma, Arnold, and Schaade. TURKISH LITERATURE For the general conditions and history of Turkey, read: SIR EDWIN PEARS, "Turkey and Its People" (London, 1911). L. C. GARNETT, "Turkish Life in Town and Country" (Putnam, New York, 1911). SIR CHAS. ELIOT, "Turkey in Europe" (London, 2d edition, 1908). R. P. DAVEY, "The Sultan and His Subjects" (London, revised edition, 1907). S. LANE-POOLE, "The Story of Turkey" (New York, 1897). S. LANE-POOLE, "The Mohammedan Dynasties" (London, 1903). E. A. FREEMAN, "The Ottoman Power in Europe" (Macmillan). H. A. GIBBONS, "Foundation of the Ottoman Empire" (New York, 1916). For the literature itself, read: J. W. REDHOUSE, "History, System, etc., of Turkish Poetry." E. J. W. GIBB, "Ottoman Poems" (London, 1882). E. J. W. GIBB, "History of Ottoman Poetry" (London, 1902). CHAS. WELLS, "Turkish Chrestomathy" (London, 1891). ALLAN RAMSAY, "Tales from Turkey" (London, 1914). FOOTNOTES: [1] Abu Muslim had been the chief means of transferring the Caliphate from the Omeyyads to the family of Abbas. [2] "Father of a villain": a play upon the name Abu Muslim. [3] _Al Mahdi_, _i.e._, "the rightly directed." [4] The Caliph's full name was Abu Jafar Al Mansur. [5] _I.e._, descendant of Ali. [6] An underground dungeon. [7] Five. [8] Praise of God. [9] Koran, ii., 238. [10] A famous musician of the period. [11] _I.e._, "There is nothing new under the sun." [12] In the Mosque of Omar. [13] A miracle ascribed to Mohammed. [14] This was the technical sign for freeing a slave.