[311] Curtiss, _Primitive Semitic Religion To-day_, p. 52, says, “The tenacity with which the Oriental mind, if left to itself, holds that which has always been, and turns to it as unerringly as the needle to the pole, has often been observed, and is our guaranty that we may find primitive religious conditions among people with whom, if we approach them in the right way, we may hold intercourse to-day.” This may certainly apply to the present instance. [312] In the _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, pp. 287 ff. (1873). [313] Cp. the reference to the king in Cant. i. 4. [314] _Mittel-Syrien und Damascus_, p. 123 (1853). [315] _Arabia Deserta_, II. 118 (1921). [316] See Rothstein’s article, “Moslemische Hochzeitsgebräuche in Lifta bei Jerusalem,” in Dalman’s _Palästinajahrbuch_, 1910, pp. 102-123, especially 110-114; a photographic illustration of a sword-dance is given on p. 102; and Klein in the _Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästinischen Vereins_, VI. 94 ff. (1883). [317] “Its general unscientific nature has been demonstrated by Mr Fison and Dr Westermarck.... The theory, then, that mankind in general, or even a particular section of mankind, even in normal circumstances were accustomed to obtain their wives by capture from other tribes, may be regarded as exploded. There have been, of course, and still are, sporadic cases of capture of wives from hostile tribes or others, but such cannot prove a rule.” Crawley, _The Mystic Rose: A Study of Primitive Marriage_, p. 367 (1902). [318] _Op. cit._ pp. 323 ff. [319] For the reasons why these maleficent influences should be believed to be present on such occasions see Crawley’s work, chaps, XIII, XIV. [320] _Palestinischer Diwan_, p. 254 (1901). For the custom among the Arabs of the Hedjaz see Featherman, _op. cit._ V. 402. [321] Krauss, _Talmudische Archäologie_, II. 39 (1911). [322] Bacher, _Aggada der Palestinischen Amoraim_, III. 36 (1897); _JE_, VIII. 341 f. [323] Abrahams, _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, p. 193 (1896). [324] Abrahams, _op. cit._ pp. 195 f.; cp. with this the rite in the ancient Indian ritual, in which the bride takes seven steps towards the bridegroom; at the seventh he seizes her by the foot, Winternitz, _Das altindische Hochzeitsrituell_, in “Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften,” XL. 51 (1892). [325] Grunwald, in _JE_, VIII. 346 _a_, quoting from Chorny, _Sefer ha-Massaʿot_, p. 298. [326] Abrahams, _op. cit._ p. 196. For marriage rites among Jews and Mohammedans in Palestine to-day see Baldensperger in the _Quarterly Statement_ of the Pal. Exploration Fund, 1899, pp. 140 ff., 1900, pp. 181 ff., 1901, pp. 173 ff. [327] Westermarck, _Marriage Ceremonies in Morocco_, p. 144 (1914). [328] Skeat, _Malay Magic_, p. 388 (1910). [329] On this, see further Crawley, _op. cit._ pp. 327 ff., 335 ff. [330] _Op. cit._ p. 321. [331] _Op. cit._ p. 344. [332] Featherman, _Social History of the Races of Mankind_, V. 480 (1881).