The sacred dance : $b A study in comparative folkloreOesterley, W. O. E. (William Oscar Emil)
Religion
The sacred dance : $b A study in comparative folklore
Oesterley, W. O. E. (William Oscar Emil)
Dance -- Religious aspects -- History
Again, as to the ancient Arabs, there is almost as great a dearth of
evidence, though some slight indications exist of this type of dance
having been performed in days gone by[188]. Thus, a proceeding very
similar to that of Saul is mentioned by Robertson Smith of Kûkubûry, who
used “under the influence of religious music, to become so excited as to
pull off part of his clothes”; like Saul he was what the Arabs would now
call _malbûs_[189]. This type of dance exists at the present day among
the Arabs, and it is interesting to note, among other things, that it is
regarded as a means to mystic experiences[190].
Fuller information is forthcoming with regard to the ancient Syrians.
There is the interesting story of Wen-Amon, an Egyptian official who
came to Byblos in Phoenicia in the 11th century B.C. Here we are told of
how a noble youth, while he was sacrificing to his gods, was seized by
the god who caused him to fall into a state of ecstasy; the hieroglyph
depicts a man rushing forward with outstretched arms. While the youth is
in this state he prophesies, declaring that a certain messenger who had
arrived had indeed brought the image of a god, and must be received, for
he had been sent by Amon. This occurs as the messenger with his god is
on the point of being sent away. We are not concerned with the various
details of this story; the point is that a youth is supposed to have been
caused by the will of the god to fall into an ecstasy; the hieroglyph
clearly implies an ecstatic dance; and as a result he reveals the arrival
of another god brought by the messenger. He speaks while in this state
of ecstasy words which are divinely put into his mouth, so that he is
the mouthpiece of the god[191]. This is precisely the same idea as that
of the spirit of Jahwe coming mightily upon Saul, he prophesies, and is
turned into another man.
Another example is given by Heliodorus (_Aethiopica_, IV. 16 f.), who
describes the sacred dance of the Tyrian seafarers in the worship of the
Tyrian Herakles; he says:
And I left them there with their flutes and their dances,
which they performed after the manner of the Assyrians [_i.e._
Syrians], hopping to the accompaniment of the quick music of
the Pektides, now jumping up with light leaps, now limping
along on the ground, and then turning with the whole body,
spinning around like men possessed[192].
The limping here recalls the dance of the prophets of Baal, or rather of
its earlier phase, and that of Jacob at Penuel. For the wilder phase of
the dance of these prophets we have a very interesting parallel given by
Apuleius of the ecstatic dance of the priests of the Syrian goddess. This
is well worth giving in full; it occurs in _The Golden Ass_, VIII. 27, 28:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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