The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
These references seem to suggest that Çūdraka was a merely legendary
person, a fact rather supported than otherwise by his quaint name,
which is absurd in a king of normal type. Nevertheless, Professor Konow
treats him as historical, and finds in him the Ābhīra prince Çivadatta,
who, or whose son, Īçvarasena, is held by Dr. Fleet to have overthrown
the last of the Andhra dynasty and to have founded the Cedi era of A.D.
248–9. [265] This remarkable result is held to be supported by the fact
that in the play the king of Ujjayinī is Pālaka, and is represented as
being overthrown by Āryaka, son of a herdsman (gopāla), and the Ābhīras
are essentially herdsmen. But this is much more than dubious; we have
in fact legendary history in the names of Pālaka, Gopāla—to be taken
probably in the Mṛcchakaṭikā as a proper name—and Āryaka. The proof is
indeed overwhelming, for Bhāsa, who is the source of so much of the
Mṛcchakaṭikā, mentions in his Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇa as sons of
Pradyota of Ujjayinī both Gopāla and Pālaka, and the Bṛhatkathā must
have contained the story of Gopāla surrendering the kingdom on
Pradyota’s death to Pālaka, and of the latter having to make room for
Āryaka, his brother’s son. To make history out of these events, which
belong to the period shortly after the Buddha’s death, say 483 B.C.,
and history of the third century A.D., is really impossible. Çūdraka is
really clearly mythical, as is seen by the admission that he entered
the fire, for no one can believe that he foresaw his death-day so
precisely, or that the ceremony referred to is that performed on
becoming an ascetic, or even that the prologue was added after his
death; if it had been, it would have doubtless been of a different
type. Still less can we imagine that he was helped in his work by
Rāmila and Somila.
Windisch, [266] on the other hand, attempted to prove a close
similarity between the plot of the political side of the play and the
legend of Kṛṣṇa, instancing the prediction of Āryaka’s attaining the
throne, the jealousy of the king and his efforts to destroy him, and
the final overthrow of the tyrant. The similarity, however, is really
remote; the story is a commonplace in legend, and nothing can be made
of the comparison.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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