The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The Vikramorvaçī, [313] by many reckoned as the last work [314] in
drama of Kālidāsa, seems rather to fall in the interval between the
youthful Mālavikāgnimitra and the mature perfection of the Çakuntalā.
The theme is that of the love of Purūravas, a king, and Urvaçī, an
Apsaras, or heavenly nymph. The prologue, which has been unjustly
suspected of being proof of the incompleteness and therefore later date
of the drama, is followed by screams of the nymphs from whom Urvaçī on
her return from Kailāsa has been torn away by a demon; the king hastens
to her aid, recovers her, and restores her first to her friends, and
then to the Gandharva king, but not before both have fallen desperately
in love. In the entr’acte a servant of the queen extracts cleverly from
the Vidūṣaka the secret of the change which has come over the king, his
love for Urvaçī. The king himself then appears; in conversation with
the Vidūṣaka he declares his love, to meet with scant sympathy; Urvaçī
and a friend appear in the air, and Urvaçī drops a letter written on
birch bark breathing her love; the king reads it and gives it to the
Vidūṣaka; Urvaçī’s friend appears, and finally Urvaçī herself, but
after a brief exchange of love passages Urvaçī is recalled to play a
part in heaven in a drama produced by Bharata. The message, unluckily,
falls into the queen’s hands, and she refuses to be appeased by
Purūravas’s attempts to soothe her. In the entr’acte before Act II we
learn from a conversation between two pupils of Bharata that Urvaçī was
so deeply in love that she played badly her part in the piece on
Lakṣmī’s wedding; asked whom she loved, she answered Purūravas instead
of Puruṣottama, Viṣṇu’s name, and Bharata cursed her; but Indra
intervened and gave her leave to dwell on earth with her love until he
had seen the face of her child. The Act that follows shows the king,
anxious to please the queen, engaged with her in celebrating the
festival of the moon’s union with Rohiṇī; Urvaçī and her friend, in
disguise and unseen by the king in a fairy mist, watch his courtesy
which fills the nymph with anguish, though her friend assures her that
it is mere courtesy. To her joy she finds that the queen has decided to
be reconciled, and to permit the king the enjoyment of his beloved;
pressed to stay with the king, she refuses, and Urvaçī joins Purūravas,
her friend leaving her, bidding Purūravas to care for her so that she
may not miss her friends in the sky.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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