The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
‘The boy is an ocean of valour; how can I fear danger for him from a
Rākṣasa? Yet the sage here is terrified and calls for aid, and my own
mind is confused; my master too in his affection ever begs me not to
leave Janaka’s daughter alone; my heart is troubled, and in my
confusion I cannot resolve either to go or to stay.’
Another Rāma drama, the Chalitarāma, is also referred to by Dhanika in
his comment on the Daçarūpa; it may belong to this period, or fall
somewhat later; we have from it a picture of the leading captive of
Lava: [468]
yenāvṛtya mukhāni sāma paṭhatām atyantam āyāsitam
bālye yena hṛtākṣasūtravalayapratyarpaṇaiḥ krīḍitam
yuṣmākaṁ hṛdayaṁ sa eṣa viçikhair āpūritāṅsasthalo
mūrchāghoratamaspraveçavivaço baddhvā Lavo nīyate.
‘He who caused such trouble to the Sāman reciters turning to look at
him in his childish play, who amused himself by stealing and giving
back strings of beads and bracelets, he, your heart’s joy, his shoulder
pierced by arrows, powerless through entry into the dread darkness of
fainting, is being led away bound, even Lava.’
Another stanza refers to Bharata; Rāma returning to Ayodhyā in the
celestial chariot declines thus to enter the town, since it is not his,
but under the rule of Bharata; scarcely has he descended when he sees
before him his brother: [469]
ko ’pi siṅhāsanasyādhaḥ sthitaḥ pādukayoḥ puraḥ
jaṭāvān akṣamālī ca cāmarī ca virājate.
‘There stands some one, below the lion throne, before a pair of
sandals, wearing his hair long, bearing a rosary, resplendent beneath
the chowrie.’
The same play [470] contains an amusing slip by Sītā where she bids her
boys go to Ayodhyā and tender their respects to the king. Lava
naturally replies by asking why they should become members of the
king’s entourage, and Sītā answers because the king is their father, a
slip which she explains away as well as she can by saying that the king
is father of the whole earth.
Yet another drama of which we know nothing else is revealed to us by
Dhanika, the Pāṇḍavānanda, from which is cited a stanza interesting in
its series of questions and answers, a literary form of which the
dramatists are fond: [471]
kā çlāghyā guṇināṁ kṣamā paribhavaḥ ko yaḥ svakulyaiḥ kṛtaḥ
kiṁ duḥkhaṁ parasaṁçrayo jagati kaḥ çlāghyo ya āçrīyate
ko mṛtyur vyasanaṁ çucaṁ jahati ke yair nirjitāḥ çatravaḥ
kair vijñātam idaṁ Virāṭanagare channasthitaiḥ Pāṇḍavaiḥ.
‘For the good what is there praiseworthy? Patience. What is disgrace?
That which is wrought by those of one’s own blood. What is misery?
Recourse to another’s protection. Who in the world is enviable? He to
whom one resorts for aid. What is death? Misfortune. Who escape sorrow?
Those who conquer their foes. Who learned this lesson? The Pāṇḍavas
when they dwelt in concealment in the city of Virāṭa.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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