The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
It follows, therefore, that the sentiments which are to be evoked by a
Sanskrit Nāṭaka are essentially the heroic or the erotic, with that of
wonder as a valued subordinate element, appropriate in the dénouement.
The wonderful well consorts with the ideal characters of legend, which
accepts without incredulity or discomfort the intervention of the
divine in human affairs, and therefore follows with ready acceptance
the solution of the knot in the Çakuntalā or the Vikramorvaçī. Heroism
and love, of course, cannot be evoked without the aid of episodes which
menace the hero and heroine with the failure to attain their aims;
there must be danger and interference with the course of true love, but
the final result must see concord achieved. Hence it is impossible to
expect that any drama shall be a true tragedy; in the long run the hero
and the heroine must be rewarded by perfect happiness and union. The
Nāgānanda of Harṣa illustrates the rule to perfection; the sublimity of
self-sacrifice suggests real tragedy, but this would be wholly out of
harmony with the spirit of India, and the intervention of Gaurī is
invoked to secure that the self-sacrifice is crowned by a complete and
immediate reward in this life. The figure of an Antigone might have
been paralleled in Indian life; it would not be acceptable to the
spirit of Indian drama.
Idealist as it is, the spirit of the drama declines to permit of a
division of sentiment; it will not allow the enemy of the hero to rival
him in any degree; nothing is more striking than the failure to realize
the possibility of a great dramatic creation presented by the character
of Rāvaṇa as the rival of Rāma for Sītā’s love. Rāvaṇa varies in the
hands of the dramatists, but all tend to reduce him to the status of a
boastful and rather stupid villain, who is inferior at every point to
his rival. Equally effectively the drama banishes from the
possibilities the conception of a struggle of conscience in the mind of
the hero or the heroin; [584] if this were represented, it would create
a similar struggle in the mind of the audience, and destroy the unity
and purity of the sentiment, which it is the part of the drama to
generate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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