The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The haughty hero is a victim of pride and jealousy, an adept
in magic arts and ruses, self-assertive, fickle, irascible, and
boastful; Paraçurāma illustrates this character.
The chief hero in any drama must be essentially true to one or other of
those types; any change would spoil the unity of the development of the
drama, and, if necessary, changes must be made in the plot, as in the
case of Rāma’s dealings with Vālin, to preserve the unity of character.
In the case of the secondary hero there is no need for such
consistency; he may change in different situations, and his lack of
consistency tends merely to heighten the impression caused by the
constancy of the hero. Thus Paraçurāma appears in the Mahāvīracarita
[642] as exalted in his attitude to the evil Rāvaṇa, as haughty towards
the untried Rāma, and as calm when he has experienced the superior
prowess of that hero. It is obvious that there is difficulty in
conceiving as a chief hero one of the haughty type, and the theory does
not provide us with one, for Paraçurāma is only a secondary hero.
As the Sanskrit drama deals usually with love, the theory has another
division of types of hero based on their attitude to women. [643] The
courteous (dakṣiṇa) hero is one who can find room in his heart for more
loves than one; he seeks another to the deep grief of the old, but he
does not cease to feel affection for his earlier love; such are the
heroes of the Nāṭikā, or short heroic comedy, like Vatsa. He may not be
regarded as either deceitful (çaṭha), or shameless (dhṛṣṭa), for these
two types represent heroes who have ceased to love their former flame,
and differ only in so far as they seek to deceive her, or are
indifferent to her anger and bear open traces of the new attachment.
Men like Vatsa never allow passion to dominate them; if a woman spurns
them they are ready to leave her. The fourth type is the loyal
(anukūla) lover who is faithful to one woman only, as is Rāma. As these
four types are applicable to each class of hero, there are sixteen
possible kinds of hero, and the theory adds the further complication
that each of these may be a high class, middle class, or inferior
person, giving forty-eight types.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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